Area N7 Summary

Area N7 was excavated in the 1983 season under the direction of W. Radtke, Area Supervisor in training. The purpose of opening an excavation area south of the main line of excavation areas in Field I was to determine more about the Stratum XV fortification system and, if possible to excavate inside the fortifications. Part of this goal was realized quickly in that the digging area was entirely filled with the fortification wall N7004 and its attached glacis N7003, because the line of the curtain wall in Area N7 turned into the slope of the hill below the town. This turn in the wall line is confirmation that the the Early Bronze III Stratum XV wall line as exposed in Areas 7, 8, A7, A8, and B8 is at the lowest point of the defense system, well below the crest of the hill.

Two strata were excavated in Area N7, Stratum I slope wash debris and Stratum XV fortification wall and glacis.

Through erosion on the steep eastern side of the tell and through extensive robbing of stones from buried walls the remains of Stratum XV architecture was found close to the modern surface of the tell. Stratum XV in Area N7 consisted of the wide curtain wall N7004 (some 3 m. wide as exposed in the excavation area, but extending into the West balk), a few in situ bricks N7002 on the superstructure of the fortification wall, and glacis N7003 which covered the eastern (downslope) face of the stone foundation wall N7004. Wall N7004 and glacis N7003 are the extensions of wall/tower 7008 and of glacis 7007.

Excavation in Area N7 provided two additional pieces of information on the construction technique of the fortification system. Wall N7004 was built using the "rubble core" technique, and the wall was oriented in Area N7 at an angle from the wall line in areas to the north.

Locus List Field I Area N7

Locus	Phase		Description

N7001 I Slope debris N7002 XV Brick superstructure of defense wall N7003 XV Glacis N7004 XV Stone defense wall

Locus Summary Area N7

Locus  Stratum      Description/Artifacts 

N7001	Str. I

	Slope wash debris located 4 m. from the North balk and 4 m. from the 
	East balk at toe levels 482.78 m. (W). 481.57 m. (E) to bottom level 
	480.25 m. (E). 480.45 m. (W) above bricks N7002, glacis N7003, wall N7004.

		See Sections South, East, North, West; Photo 901.

		I.N7.1  	7/1/83		NO POTTERY
		MC 25001	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.2  	7/4/83		BYZ
		MC 25008	Lithic		sample
		MC 25009	Bone		sample
		I.N7.3  	7/4/83		BYZ
		MC 25002	polished chert	Discard 
		MC 25003 	Seeds		sample
		MC 25006	Bone		sample
		MC 25007	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.4  	7/4/83		BYZ
		MC 25010	Bone		sample
		MC 25011	Fan Scraper	25011, 25011A
		MC 25012	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.5  	7/4/83		BYZ
		MC 25013	Bone		sample
		MC 25014	Lithics		sample
		MC 25015	Fan Blade	25015, 25015A
		I.N7.6  	7/5/83		EB, Iron II, HEL 
		MC 25016	Bone		sample
		MC 25017	Lithics		sample
		I.N7.7  	7/5/83		BYZ
		MC 25018	Bone		sample
		MC 25019	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.8  	7/5/83		EB, LB Iron II
		I.N7.9  	7/5/83		EB, LB, Iron II. HEL
		MC 25020	Bone		sample
		MC 25021	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.10  	7/5/83		Iron II
		MC 25022	Bone		sample
		MC 25023	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.11  	7/5/83		Iron II
		MC 25024	Bone		sample
		MC 25025	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.12  	7/6/83		BYZ
		MC 25026	Bone		sample
		MC 25027	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.13  	7/6/83		BYZ
		MC 25028	Flint Blade	25028, 25028A
		MC 25029	Bone		sample
		MC 25030	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.14  	7/6/83		BYZ
		MC 25031	Flint Blade	25031, 25031A
		MC 25032	Bone		sample
		MC 25033	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.15  	7/6/83		HEL
		MC 25034	Lithic		sample
		MC 25035	Bone		sample
		I.N7.16  	7/7/83		EB, LB, Iron II, PER
		MC 25036	Bone		sample
		MC 25037	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.17  	7/7/83		EB, LB, Iron II, PER
		MC 25038	Bone		sample
		MC 25039	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.18  	7/7/83		EB LB, Iron II, PER, BYZ
		MC 25040	Bone		sample
		MC 25041	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.19  	7/7/83		EB, LB, Iron II, PER, BYZ
		MC 25042 	Bone		sample
		MC 25043	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.20 	7/7/83		EB, LB, Iron I, Iron II
		MC 25044 	Bone		sample
		MC 25045 	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.21  	7/7/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25046 	Bone		sample
		MC 25047	Lithics		sample
		I.N7.22  	7/8/83		EB, LB, Iron II, HEL, BYZ
		MC 25048 	Bone		sample
		MC 25049	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.23  	7/8/83		EB, LB, Iron II, HEL
		MC 25050 	Bone		sample
		MC 25051 	Lithic		sample
		MC 25052 	Flint Blade	25052, 25052A
		I.N7.24 	7/8/83		EB, LB, Iron II, HEL
		MC 25053	Bone		sample
		MC 25054	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.25 	7/8/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25055	Bone		sample 
		MC 25056	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.27  	7/8/83		EB, Iron II
		MC 25057	Lithic		sample
		MC 25058	Bone		sample
		MC 25059	Bone		sample
		I.N7.29  	7/10/83		EB, Iron II, PER
		I.N7.30  	7/10/83		EB, Iron II, PER
		MC 25060	Bone		sample
		MC 25061	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.31  	7/10/83		EB, Iron II
		MC 25062	Bone		sample
		MC 25063	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.32 	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25064	Lithic		sample
		MC 25065	Bone		sample
		I.N7.33 	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II, HEL
		MC 25066	Bone		sample
		MC 25067	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.34 	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II, PER
		MC 25068	Bone		sample
		MC 25069	Lithics		sample	
		I.N7.35  	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II, HEL, BYZ
		MC 25070	Bone		sample
		MC 25071	Lithic		sample
		I.N7.36  	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25072 	Bone		sample
		I.N7.37  	7/11/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25073	Bone		sample
		I.N7.38  	7/12/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25074	Bone		sample
		MC 25075	Lithic		sample
		MC 25081	lamelek seal impression	Obj. 978, Obj. 978A, Obj. 978B, Obj. 978C 
		I.N7.41  	7/13/83		EB, LB, Iron II
		MC 25077	Bone		sample
		MC 25078	Lithic		sample

N7002	Str. XV

	In situ bricks belonging to the brick superstructure of the Stratum 15 curtain
	wall.	Located 4 m. from the North balk and 3.8 m. from the West balk (at the 
	North balk line), 2.31 m. from the West balk (at the South balk line) at top 
	levels 481.36 m. (N). 481.60 m. (S). 481.75 m. (W) below debris N7001 to bottom 
	level 481.27 m. (N). 481.40 m. tS) above wall N7004.

	The bricks above stone wall N7004 were badly eroded and pitted, but they were 
	preserved up to 2 bricks high (at the West balk it is possible that the height 
	of preservation is much greater: see Section W.) At the eastern face of these 
	bricks glacis N7003 was originally built up over the lowest course of bricks, 
	similar to what was seen also in Area 7. It should also be noted that the height 
	of the curtain wall rises in the south.

	It should also be noted that wall N7004 was carefully leveled by means of small 
	stones prior to the first course of bricks.

		See Sections South, West, North, Plan N7 XV.

		I.N7.26  	7/8/83		NO POTTERY
		I.N7.28  	7/10/83		NO POTTERY
		I.N7.39  	7/12/83		EB III
		MC 25076	Bone		sample
		I.N7.40  	7/13/83		EB
		MC 25079	Bone		sample
		MC 25080	Lithic		sample
	
N7003	Str. XV

	Glacis along the eastern face of wall N7004. As seen in Area N7 the glacis--as in 
	Areas 7 and 6--was constructed of crushed limestone and chalk and covered as a last 
	step with a thin laver of white chalk plaster. Located 4 m. from the South balk and 
	1.75 m. from the East balk (at South balk line), 1.05 m. from the East balk (at North 
	balk line) at top levels 481.12 m. (N), 481.68 m. (S) below debris N7001 (not excavated 
	below.)

	The glacis covers the entire height of stone curtain wall N7004, and at the southern 
	extent in Area N7 the glacis laps over the lower course of the brick superstructure N7002.

		See Sections South, East, North; Plan N7 XV, 
		Photo 901, Photo 901A.

N7004	Str. XV

	Curtain wall constructed of stone, serving as a base for upper brick superstructure 
	N7002. Located 4 m. from the South balk and 2.98 m. from the West balk (at North
	balk line), 2.30 m. from the West balk (at South balk line) at top levels 481.40 m.
	(S), 481.27 m. (N) below debris N7001 and bricks N7002. Glacis N7003 covers the 
	eastern face of wall N7004.

	This stone wall base was apparently built in a "rubble core" technique--Iarge boulders 
	and cobbles on the outside faces and filled with smaller stones dumped between. This 
	was apparent as the last bricks were removed: wide gaps between the stones below allowed 
	cool air to rush out and silt to filter down. A final step in the construction of wall 
	N7004 was a laver of small cobbles and pebbles to act as leveling for the upper bricks.

	Note the gentle rise in the relative height of stone wall N7004 in the south as its 
	orientation changes slightly inslope.

		See Sections South, West, North; Plan N7 XV, 
		Photo 901, Photo 901A.
	
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