Locus Summary Area A7
Locus Stratum Description/Artifacts
A7001 Str. I
Tell debris consisting of brick detritus, stones. Located 5.0 m. from the
West balk, 5.0 m. from the North balk. At top levels 481.90 m. (SW), 480.50 m.
(SE), 481.61 m. {NW) to 481.02 m. (SW), 480.15 m. (SE), 480.64 m. (NW),
479.97 m. (C) above ash A7002, walls A7005, A7006, A7007, glacis A7010, wall
A7OO8, surface A7011, debris A7014, debris A7017, and installation A7013.
Includes A7003, which has been canceled,
See Sections North, South, East, West.
I.A7.1 6/24/77 EB, Iron II UDNS
MC 1692 bone sample
MC 1694 lithic sample
MC 1599 ballista discard
I.A7.2 6/24/77 EB, Iron 1I, Byz NS
MC 1676 lithic sample
MC 1582 bone sample
I.A7.3 6/27/77 EB, LB II, Iron I, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 1643 bone sample
MC 1678 lithic sample
I.A7.4 6/27/77 EB, LB II, Iron I NS
MC 1753 bone sample
MC 1784 lithic sample
MC 1831 shell sample
I.A7.5 6/27/77 EB, Iron II, Hel, Byz NS
MC 1685 lithic sample
I.A7.6 6/28/77 Chal, EB, I.B II, Iron II, Rom NS
MC 1689 bone sample
MC 1783 lithic sample
I.A7.7 6/28/77 EB, Iron II, Bye NS
MC 1785 lithic sample
MC 1650 ballista discard
I.A7.8 6/28/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 1796 bone sample
MC 1797 lithic sample
MC 1798 flint blade sample
I.A7.9 6/29/77 EB, MB, LB, Iron II, Arab NS
MC 1821 bone sample
MC 1823 palette discard
I.A7.10 6/29/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 1822 bone sample
I.A7.11 6/29/77 EB, LB II NS
MC 1840 bone sample
I.A7.12 6/29/77 EB II, Hel NS
MC 1841 flint core Obj. 122
I.A7.13 6/29/77 EB II, Hel, 1 Byz NS
MC 1842 lithic sample
I.A7.14 6/30/77 EB, LB II NS
MC 1871 bone sample
I.A7.15 6/10/77 EB II, Iron II, modern NS
MC 1859 bone Sample
MC 1873 lithic 1873, 1873A
I.A7.16 6/30/77 EB II NS
MC 1870 bone Sample
MC 1874 lithic Sample
I.A7.17 6/30/77 EB II NS
MC 1875 bone Sample
MC 1868 lithic Sample
I.A7.20 6/30/77 EB II, LB II NS
MC 1901 bone Sample
MC 1898 lithic Sample
I.A7.23 7/1/77 EB, Iron II, Arab buff NS
MC 1910 bone Sample
MC 1922 lithic Sample
I.A7.26 7/1/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 1939 bone Sample
MC 1940 lithic Sample
I.A7.28 7/1/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
I.A7.29 7/3/77 EB, Hel, Byz UDNS
MC 1967 bone Sample
MC 1962 lithics Sample
I.A7.32 7/3/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 1982 bone Sample
MC 1983 lithic Sample
MC 1985 frag. of palette discard
I.A7.33 7/3/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 1980 bone Sample
I.A7.34 7/3/77 EB, MB, Iron II, Arab NS
MC 1984 bone Sample
MC 1981 lithic 1981, 1981A
I.A7.35 7/4/77 EB, MB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 2065 bone sample
I.A7.36 7/4/77 EB II, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 2025 bone Sample
MC 2024 lithic Sample
I.A7.37 7/4/77 EB II, Iron II NS
MC 2022 bone Sample
MC 2023 lithic sample
I.A7.38 7/4/77 EB II, Iron II NS
MC 2021 bone Sample
MC 2070 lithic Sample
I.A7.39 7/4/77 EB II, Iron II NS
MC 2063 bone Sample
MC 2068 lithic Sample
I.A7.40 7/4/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2064 bone Sample
MC 2066 lithic Sample
I.A7.43 7/5/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 2098 bone Sample
MC 2096 lithic Sample
I.A7.44 7/5/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2120 bone sample
MC 2124 ballista half discard
I.A7.46 7/6/77 EB, Iron II, Hel NS
MC 2185 ballista discard
I.A7.47 7/6/77 E8, Iron II, Hel, BYZ NS
MC 2179 bone sample
MC 2239 flint scraper sample
I.A7.48 7/6/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 2203 bone sample
MC 2161 lithic sample
MC 2204 chert sample
I.A7/A6.49 7/7/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2236 bone sample
I.A7/A6.51 7/7/77 EB, Iron II NS
I.A7/A6.52 7/11/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2302 bone sample
MC 2301 lithic sample
I.A7.54 7/14/77 EB, LB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 2470 bone sample
MC 2472 lithic sample
I.A7/B7.72 7/20/77 EB, Iron II, Hel NS
MC 2824 animal figurine Obj. 254
MC 2856 ballista discard
MC 2823 flint point discard
MC 2829 shell 2829
I.A7/B7.73 7/20/77 EB, MB, Iron II NS
MC 2855 bone sample
I.A7/B7.74 7/20/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2899 bone sample
I.A7/87.76 7/21/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2901 bone sample
MC 2903 flint blade discard
I.A7/B7.78 7/21/77 EB NS
I.A7/B7.79 7/22/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 3073 lithic 3073, 3073A
MC 3074 grinding stone discard
I.7/A7.80 7/24/77 EB, Iron II
MC 4001 bone sample
MC 4000 lithic sample
I.7/A7.81 7/24/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 4037 bone sample
MC 4039 lithic sample
MC 4035 lithics sample
I.7/A7.83 7/25/77 EB, Iron II, Hel NS
MC 4048 bone sample
MC 4096 lithic sample
I.7/A7.87 7/27/77 EB, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 4152 bone sample
MC 4149 lithic sample
I.7/A7.88 7/27/77 EB II/III NS
A7002 Str. post XV
Destruction debris consisting of layers of windblown and water laid ash
and brick detritus. The debris was compacted, silt?si~ed material with few
pebbles and large quantity of sherds. This ash filled the "guardroom" found
in Area A7. Located between walls A7005 and 7006 approximately between 40
cm. and 1.90 m. from the South balk and 1.40 m. from the West balk. At top
level 481.03 m. below L.A7001 to 480.06 above surface A7009. The ash layers
slope to the northeast. This debris rests against the north face of wall
A7005 and against the south face of wall A7006. At one time this debris
was retained by the room eroded wall A7007 on the east.
See section West; Photo 295, 299
I.A7.18 6/30/77 EB II/III
MC 1867 bone sample
MC 1872 lithic sample
I.A7.19 6/30/77 EB II/III
MC 1899 bone sample
MC 1897 lithic sample
MC 1902 flint blade Obj. 125, Obj. 125A
MC 1941 potter's mark Obj. 128
I.A7.21 6/30/77 EB III, 1 MB I
MC 1900 bone sample
MC 1903 lithic sample
MC 1942 lithic sample
I.A7.22 7/1/77 EB II/III
MC 1920 bone sample
MC 1921 lithic sample
MC 1923 grinding stone discard
I.A7.24 7/1/77 EB II/III
MC 1911 bone sample
MC 1914 lithic sample
MC 1916 clay figurine Obj. 127
MC 1915 basalt frag discard
I.A7.25 7/1/77 EB II/III
MC 1936 bone sample
MC 1937 lithic sample
MC 2175 potter's mark Obj. 177
I.A7.27 7/1/77 EB II/III NS
MC 1943 bone sample
MC 1938 lithic sample
I.A7.30 7/3/77 EB II/III
MC 1963 bone sample
MC 1965 lithic sample
MC 1964 spindle whorl Obj. 130, Photo 130, Photo 130A
MC 1961 lithic sample discard
MC 1979 spindle whorl Obj. 129, Photo
I.A7.31 7/3/77 EB II/III
MC 1966 lithic sample
A7003 Canceled; combined with A7001
A7004 Str. VI
Fill consisting of a layer of ashy debris in the southeast quadrant
of the area, containing gray ashy material mixed with brick detritus
and a few pebble sized field stones. Located approximately 2.25 m.
from the South balk (at the East balk line) and 1.03 m. from the
East balk (at the South balk line). At top level 480.48 m. (S)
below A7001 and A7011 to 479.81 m. above debris A7012. This debris
lay against the face of wall A7007 and its base A7008.
Interpreted as a fill in preparation for surface A7011. Seen to be the
same as Area 7 locus 7016.
See Sections South, East.
I.A7.41 7/4/77 EB II, Iron II
MC 2067 bone sample
MC 2069 lithic sample
MC 2176 potter's mark Obj. 165
I.A7.42 7/5/77 EB II, MB, Iron II
MC 2097 bone sample
MC 2085 lithic sample
MC 2099 seed sample
MC 2100 shell sample
MC 2103 spindle whorl Obj. 140, Photo
MC 2102 flint blade Obj. 145, Obj. 145A
MC 2104 spindle whorl Obj. 141
MC 2101 bead Obj. 144
MC 2105 spindle whorl Obj. 142, Photo
I.A7.45 7/5/77 EB II, MB II/III?,l Iron II
MC 2122 bone sample
MC 2119 lithic sample
MC 2121 olive pit sample
MC 2123 seeds sample
I.A7.50 7/7/77 EB, MB I
MC 2238 bone sample
I.A7/A6.53 7/11/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2351 bone sample
I.A7.70 7/9/77 EB UDNS
I.7/A7.82 7/25/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 4055 bone sample
MC 4056 lithic sample
I.7/A7.84 7/25/77 EB II/III NS
MC 4100 bone sample
MC 4099 lithic sample
I.7/A7.85 7/26/77 EB II/III NS
MC 4116 bone sample
I.7/A7.86 7/26/77 1 Chal, EB II/III NS
MC 4115 bone sample
A7005 Str. XV
Mudbrick superstructure or wall of the "guardroom" in Area A7. Constructed
of mudbricks and plastered on its northern face with a clay or mud plaster.
The method of construction appears to be a leveling layer of pebbles and
cobbles followed by a course or two of bricks, another layer of pebbles and
more bricks. Located approximately 1.50 m. from the West balk and in Area A7
approximately 40 cm. from the South balk. This wall connects through the 7/A7
balk with 7012, forming a block of wall 2.25 m. thick between the two "guardrooms"
in Areas 7 and A7. At top level 481.03 m. (W) below A7001 to a known depth of
480.12 m. where it meets surf. A7009.
This "guardroom" wall must be understood as part of the Stratum XV defense wall
system, into which was built a room in Area A7.
Surface A7009 runs to this wall from the north, wall A7005 abuts wall A7007
(or, more properly, is a part of the wide wall A7007) on the eastern side of this
room (wall A7007 now almost completely eroded at this point.) Ash A7002 filled
the room and rested against the face of wall.A7005.
See Sections South, West; Plan 87; Photo 295, 299, 375, 407
A7006 Str. XV
Mudbrick superstructure or wall of the "guardroom" in Area A7. Constructed of
mudbricks plastered with clay or mud plaster on its southern face. Served as the
north wall of the "guardroom" and is to be seen as part of the EB fortification
wall which had built into it this room. Located 1.62 m. from the West balk and
2.30 m. from the North balk. At top levels 480.91 m. (S), 480.35 m. (N) below
A7001 to a known depth of 480.09 m. where surface A7009 runs to its southern
face. The eroded portion of this wall now slopes sharply to the northeast.
See Section West; Plan 87; Photo 295, 299, 375, 407.
A7007 Str. XV
Mudbrick superstructure which served as the upper part of the EB defense
system in Field I. This wall, the continuation of 7009, was badly pitted
and eroded, but in situ bricks were seen in a line running north?south.
Preserved only to a height of one brick; 4-5 bricks wide were still visible
where they met "guardroom" walls.A7005 and A7006. The total width of this wall,
however, must include the guardroom walls.
In Area A7 located 4.0 m. from the South balk (badly eroded near the North balk)
and between approximately 1.5 m. and 2.9 m. from the West balk (at South balk
line). At 1.25 m. from the North balk the brick superstructure (and stone
sockle) is wider because of an "in?sets?off?sets" construction of sockle A7008;
at this point it is located between 1.62 m. and 4.0 m. from the rest balk.
(However, the total width of this defense wall--which must include also the
"guardroom"-- is 4.0 m. at the North balk and 2.9 m. at the South balk.) The
defense wall can be seen in a continuation through the North balk into Areas
B7, B8, and C8. At top levels 480.68 m. (SE), 480.01 m. (N.) below A7007 and
above wall A7008. "Walls' A7005 and A7006 abut A7007 from the west, surface
A7009 runs to it also from the West.
See Sections North, South; Plan 87; Photo 295, 299, 375, 407
A7008 Str. XV
Stone sockle wall for mudbrick superstructure A7007. Constructed of boulder
sized field stones, preserved at present level of excavation to three courses
high. The southern part of this wall in Area A7 aligns with the exposed stones
and bricks of Area 7 7009 and sockle 8043. The northern part of the wall is an
offset of 1.20 m. to the east. The offset then continues into Area B7, facing,
however, slightly more to the northeast.
The stones appear to have been dry laid. Technique of construction was to build
a substantial outer wall of boulder sized stones and presumably an inner wall of
boulders as in 8043, then filling between with cobble sized stones.
In Area A7 located (as presently exposed) 3.25 m. from the North balk (offset
appears at 2.0 m. from the North balk) and between 2.70 m. and 2.90 m. from the
West balk (at 3.25 m. from the North balk) and between 2.90 m. and 4.30 m. from
the West balk (at the offset corner, into the A7/A6 balk). At top levels 479.80 m.,
479.16 m., 479.33 m. (N) below A7001 and A7007 to a known depth of 479.10 m.
Glacis A7010 runs to this wall and was built against its eastern face to protect
the lower courses. At the southern extreme of this wall in Area A7 the glacis was
built over the top courses of the stone wall.
See Sections North, South; Plan 87; Photo 375, 407.
A7009 Str. XV
Surface of "guardroom" in Area A7. Constructed of compacted clay or mud plaster,
flat and even. Located between 32 cm. and 1.64 m. from the South balk and 1.40 m.
from the West balk. At top level 480.09 m. below ash destruction A7002.
This surface runs to the "guardroom" walls A7005 and A7006 and to wall A7007 from
the west.
See Section West: Plan 87; Photo 295, 299, 407.
A7010 Str. XV
Glacis constructed of crushed limestone and nari, highly compacted. In Area A7
the glacis slopes down to the northeast. Located in Area A7 2.0 m. from the South
balk, unbroken, and in patches all the way to the North balk. In addition, the
glacis was traced through the A7/A6 balk. From the East balk in Area A7 the galcis
was located 1.15 m. to walls A7007 and A7008 (S) and 10 cm. to the offset
wall (N). At its widest exposure in A7 and A7/A6 the glacis was 2.15 m. wide.
At top level 480.31 m. (S), 479.82 m. (SE in A7/A6), 480.14 m. (N), 479.18 m.
(NE in A7/A6) below A7001, A7012, and A7004.
This glacis was constructed against the eastern face of wall A7008 including its
offset face, where, however, the glacis was broken and partially eroded. The entire
length of the EB fortification wall and tower was thereby protected by this glacis.
A7010 is the same as 7007, 6004, and B7003.
See Sections South, East; Plan 87; Photo 375, 407.
A7011 Str. VI
Surface of compacted debris and ash. The remaining portion of the surface was
even, but it had been cut in antiquity near the North balk and next to the lower
phase wall A7008.
Located approximately 2.5 m, from the South balk and 70 cm. from the East balk.
The surface also extended approximately 50 cm. into the A7/A6 balk where it was
eroded. At top level 480.18 m, (S), 479.90 m. (N) below A7001 and above A7011.1.
The surface had no connections with other architectural features in Area A7. It
may have been related to Area 7 7015, though no physical connection was detected
in excavating that wall.
See Sections South, East.
A7011.1 Str. VI
Debris of surface A7011. For dimensions see A7011 above. At top levels 480.18 m.
(S), 479.90 m. (N) below A7011 to 480.03 m. (S) above A7004. This debris runs to
the face of wall A7008 at the South balk only.
See Sections South, East.
I.A7/A6.55 7/14/77 Iron II NS
I.A7/A5.56 7/14/77 EB II, Iron II NS
MC 2464 lithic sample
MC 2465 bone sample
A7012 Str. VI
Debris layer of brick detritus and loess above glacis A7010. Contains some
cobbles and pebbles. Located 2.2 m. from the South balk and approximately
1.12 m. from the East balk up to wall A7008. At top level 479.79 m. (SE)
below A7004 and A7001 to 479.36 m. (N) above glacis A7010.
This debris runs to the face of wall A7008 in the southern half of the area.
Includes now A7015 which has been canceled.
See Sections South, East.
I.A7.57 7/14/77 EB II/III, Iron II, 1 Byz NS
MC 2469 bone sample
MC 2468 lithic sample
I.A7.58 7/14/77 EB I-III, 1 LB II NS
MC 2467 bone sample
MC 2471 lithic sample
MC 2466 glass discard
I.A7.59 7/14/77 EB II, 1 Iron II
MC 2600 bone sample
MC 2599 lithic sample
I.A7.60 7/14/77 EB UDNS
MC 2598 bone sample
I.A7.62 7/15/77 EB UDNS
MC 2629 bone sample
I.A7.63 7/15/77 EB UDNS
MC 2663 bone sample
MC 2664 lithic sample
I.A7.64 7/18/77 EB UDNS
MC 2657 bone sample
MC 2667 lithic sample
I.A7.68 7/18/77 EB NS
MC 2728 bone sample
MC 2727 lithic sample
A7013 Str. VI
Semicircular installation of small cobble-sized field stones, perhaps
a storage bin cut into the debris against lower phase wall A7008. The
wall of the installation was preserved approximately 35 cm. high (1-3
courses), 1.70 m. long, 60 cm. wide. Located between 50 cm. and 2.10 m.
from the North balk and 46 cm. from the East balk (S) and also 1. 27 m.
from the East balk (N)? At top levels 479.68 m. (S), 479.43 m. (N.) below
A7001 to 479.15 m. above a portion of lower phase wall A7008.
A7014 debris filled the interior of this installation; foundation trench
A7016 was dug for its foundation. Surface A7011 may have been used with this
installation, but erosion at that point obscured any possible connection.
See Plan 77.
I.A7.65 7/18/77 EB, Iron II UDNS
A7014 Str. post VI
Fill debris inside installation A7013, consisting of tell debris, pebbles,
cobbles. Located between 75 cm. and 1.85 m. from the North balk and between
20 cm. and 90 cm. from the East balk. At top level 47g.49 m. below A7001 to
479.15 m. above A7008.
This debris lay against the inner face of installation A7013 and against the
face of wall A7008.
See Plan 77.
I.A7.61 7/15/77 EB II NS
MC 2628 bone sample
I.A7.66 7/18/77 EB II, lIron II NS
I.A7.69 7/19/77 EB (lKhirbet Kerak?)
MC 2764 bone sample
A7015 Canceled; combined with A7012
A7016 Str. VI
Foundation trench for installation A7013. Filled with dark silt (ash and loess).
Seen at 1.75 m. to 2.05 m. from the North balk and 10 cm. to 80 cm. from the East
balk. At top level 479.23 m. below A7001 and A7013 to 479.09 m. above wall A7008.
Cuts through a portion of glais A7010, down to wall A7008.
I.A7.67 7/18/77 EB
MC 2730 bone sample
I.A7.71 7/19/77 EB UDNS
A7017 Str. I
Layer of brick detritus beneath A7001 in the northeast quadrant of the area.
Located 2.75 m. from the East balk and the 1.O m. width of the A7/B7 balk, and
1.06 m. from the North balk. At top level 479.54 m. below A7001 to 479.00 m.
above A7008 and A7010 (broken glacis).
Same as B7004 of Area B7.
See Sections North, East;
I.A7/B7.75 7/20/77 EB II, Iron II NS
MC 2857 lithic sample
I.A7/B7.77 7/21/77 EB, Iron II NS
MC 2902 bone sample
MC 2904 lithic sample
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