LRP Area 8 Report

Area 8 Summary

Excavation of Area 8 was under the direction of M. Montgomery (1976), R. Guengerich (1977), H. Forshey, W. Pais, and C. Nusrollah (1983). Area 8 and a portion of Area 9 was excavated to bedrock. Parts of Strata I, VI, XIV and XV were recovered in Area 8.

Stratum I

Stratum I included debris 8001 washed down the slope of the tell, as well as pit 8009, which was apparently dug from the modern tell's surface.

Stratum VI

Stratum VI consists of related architectural features: Walls 8005 and 8011, installation 8008, surfaces 8006 and 8029, surface makeup and fills 8006.l, 8029.l, and wall foundation materials 80l9, 80l6, and 8020.

Walls 8005 and 80l1 parallel each other in an east—west direction and are connected by surface 8006 which run to them. Surface 8029 runs to wall 8005 from the north. In addition, installation 8008, probably a food preparation "table,” consisting of a large flat fieldstone supported by smaller cobbles, was built on surface 8006 and was used with the walls and surfaces of Stratum VI.

Walls 8005 and 8011 were constructed on specially prepared material of compacted clay. Beneath wall 8005 this preparation of compacted clay was assigned the number 80l9; beneath wall 8Oll was the preparation material 80l6. In addition, yet another patch of this material of compacted clay was set in a north-south direction, apparently as the base of another wall which corners with wall L.8005 just at and within the East balk.

The poor preserved conditions of surfaces 8006 and 8029 suggest that these were courtyard or outdoor use surfaces, alternately that they were exposed and badly eroded before being covered by Stratum I debris 800l.

The architecture of Stratum VI completely seal earlier trenching with the exception of the Southeast corner of Area 8 where apparently wall 8011 and its preparation material 8016 have been cut by a still later pit (see pit 7004 of Area 7). This pit, which was detected in Area 8 only in the trimming of the South balk, cuts through Stratum VI.

Stratum pre VI

This sub phase in Area 8 consists of fill debris which were thrown into a deep trenching operation which runs across the eastern half of Area 8. This subphase appears to have been a deliberate dumping of boulders, cobbles and pebbles back into a robber trench. This pitting operation was apparently a robber trench, since it cut through Stratum XIV wall 8018 and can be seen extending beyond the North and South balks. It also cuts into Stratum XV tower L.8022 and the associated destruction ash debris 8036. The fill loci of Stratum preVI are 8030 in the southeast corner, 8032 in the northeast and 8034.

Stratum XIV Stratum XIV of Area 8 representS a substantial architectural phase of the Early Bronze III period in Field I. Although walls 8010 and 8018 and surfaces 8040/9044 and 9049 extend only marginally into the digging area, it is clear that these are part of a solidly constructed building whose use has yet to be determined. In fact, this architectural unit apparently underwent two sub-.phases of use since in Area 9 and the 8/9 balk two floors (8040/9044, 9045) were found superimposed and built against wall 8018 from the north, indicating a resurfacing of the original floor.

Wall 8018 itself extended originally from the 8/7 balk through Area 8 into Area 9 (approximately 7.25 meters). The exposed length of this wall and its width, along with the careful preparation of surfaces of thick yellow clay, argue for a substantial Early Bronze architectural phase. In addition, wall 8010 was built to abut wall 8018, and surface 9O49 of compacted debris was used with both 8010 and 8018. In the easternmost extent of surface 8040 in Area 8 was also found an installation 8041 consisting simply of an Early Bronze hole mouth vessel sunk up to its opening into surface 8040 in a pit specially prepared with a wet clay or mortar to receive the vessel.

Stratum post XIV

Debris 803l covers over Stratum XIV wall 8018, surface 8040, and installation 8041. This debris has also been cut by the trenching of Stratum pre VI (see North section) on its eastern extent.

This subphase cuts into the two lower Strata XIV and XV, and it appears in Area 7 as Stratum I.

Stratum XIVA

Stratum XIVA included walls 8018 and 80l0, surface 8040/9044 and installation 8041. This architectural complex appears in the Northwest sector of Area 8, where walls 8010 and 80l8 corner just beyond the West balk line. The eastern end of wall 80l8 has been robbed out by Stratum pre VI robber trench, but the continuation of the wall was found just west of the East balk. Surface 8040 runs to wall 80l8.

Stratum XIVB

Stratum XIVB consists of walls 8018 and 80l0, surface 9045 and installation 8041.

To the construction of these walls belong the foundation trenches observed in the West and South balks for wall 80l0 and in the West balk for wall 80l8. These foundation trenches cut into Stratum XV destruction debris 8036 and into Stratum XV tower 8022.

Stratum XV

Stratum XV consists of the major architectural feature mudbrick tower 8022, its foündatiôn walls 8025/8028, and subphases of use with surfaces, pathway, and walls. The mudtrick superstructure 8022 is built on stone foundation wall lines 8025. and 8028 which corner in the northwest sector of the area. This tower also runs into Area 7 as 7003 and foundation wall 7008. The Early Bronze III fortification system in Stratum XV remained standing nearly 4 m. high, and was a defense in depth, tower 8022 measuring at 7 m. wide.

Stratum post XV

This Stratum post XV is associated with the destruction by fire of the Early Bronze III fortified city represented tower 8022 and its defense architecture. Debris 8036 (in Area 9 9046) was made up of deep deposits of ash and brick detritus which had accumulated, apparently over a long period of time, inside the Early Bronze defense wall. This accumulation of ash-—at places well over 3 meters deep--shows by its successive tip lines or lines of deposit clear evidence of having been washed into what was probably the lowest point of the Early Bronze Stratum XV defense, indicating a flow toward the northeast. In excavation an accumulation of ash was removed which measured over 3 meters in depth, nearly 7 meters by 4 meters in width. The evidence is of a heavy destruction, followed by an abandonment of the site.

The objects recovered from the ash deposit were uniformly small, also supporting the hypothesis thet this material was washed into this low point in the defense. In fact, the deep accumulation plus the direction of deposit toward the northeast suggest a gateway or opening through the wall near the digging area.

Stratum XVA

Stratum XVA consists of the major architectural defense features of the Early Bronze III city at Halif. The final phase of Stratum XV is represented by tower 8022, wall 8047, steps 8037 and surface 8046. in the area west of tower 8022. In addition, adjacent to tower 8022 and within the brick superstructure atop wall 8043, had been created a small space, presumably for a guard to keep watch. The southern wall of this small guardroom was the brickwork of tower 8022, the northern was brick wall 8045 with floor 8044.

Over a meter of brick superstructure 8022 was built on top of stone base 8025/8028 which was itself eleven courses high from the level of floor 8046. The interior of the defense wall 8043, which abutted tower 8022, was also exposed in Area 8 and again revealed a stone base of eleven courses with a remaining brick superstructure 8045 of nearly 1.5 meters. Both tower and defense wall bases had been covered in their original construction with a wet clay “plaster”.

Wall 8047, with tower 8022 and curtain wall 8043, formed an open area or a room immediately inside the fortification system, but whose function could not be determined. Simultaneously, wall 8047 served as a retainer wall for the construction of steps 8037, an architectural feature that allowed ascent and descent along the west face of tower 8022. It is thought that the addition of steps 8022 marks one of the entrance avenues into the Stratum XV town.

Stratum XVB

Stratum XVB consisted of virtually the same arrangement of architecture as Stratum XVA-—tower 8022, wall 8047, steps 8037 and an earth surface 8048 north of tower 8022.

This Stratum XVB phase, however, marks the major architectural change between Stratum XVC and the later phases. The change was accomplished by the deposition of deep fill 8060 (layers of crushed stones and black ashy soil) and bricky fill 8059 above wall 8063 and floor 8066. As a result of these fills a rising pathway or steps 8037 was constructed against the western faces of wall 8047 and tower 8022, a pathway which presumably leads up to the town or possibly up to the top of the curtain wall.

The construction of steps 8037 can now be appreciated as a major architectural change in Stratum XVB, the entirety of Area 8-9 was now public space.

Stratum pre XVB

Fills 8059 (bricky soil) and 2060 (layers of crushed stone and dark soil) were used to prepare for the construction of steps 8037. In the case of fill 8060, there is yet an unanswered question whether these layers of stones and soil were already in place in the earlier phases (Strata XVC—D), even before the construction of steps 8037.

Stratum XVC

Stratum XVC presents an apparent domestic context which preceded the new architectural configuration of Stratum XVB. To this phase, in addition to tower 8022 and wall 8047, belong also stone wall 8063 and its brick superstructure and surfaces 8066 and 8049. These architectural units appear to comprise a domestic building constructed against tower 8022 and wall 8047. Evidence for domestic activity within the “room” of walls 8047 and 8063 was found on floors 8066 and 8049. In particular on floor 8066 were found smashed cooking pots and the remains of food preparation. See also Stratum XVD floor 8071.

Stratum XVD

The earliest phase of occupation on the tell in Area 8 is an arrangement of architecture identical to that of Stratum XVC. Again tower 8022 had built against it walls 8047 and 8063, apparently forming a room used for domestic purposes, as shown by the material on surface 8071. Hence, it seems highly probable that already early in the history of the use of the fortification system of the Early Bronze town, houses were built directly against the curtain wall.

Stratum pre XV

Prior to the construction of tower 8022, curtain wall 8043 and domestic walls 8047, 8063, the bedrock had been prepared for the heavy architecture that was to stand above it. Bedrock was first cleared of any soil or debris, an act which revealed natural depressions in the face of the bedrock. These depressions were filled with a mixture of cobble—sized chalk stones and chalk plaster/mortar 8053, 8055, 8057, 8058, 8070, and 8072. These fills within the depressions provided more—or—less level spots for constructions. And, indeed, at places tower 8022, curtain wall 8043 and wall 8047 were partially built on one or more of these filled depressions in the bedrock. This feature of filling the depressions in the bedrock——along with the earlier noted methods of clearing bedrock before construction and the addition of a stabilizing “glacis” or ramp of crushed limestone to the top of the stone base of the curtain wall and tower——marks the care taken to insure a soilidly set fortification wall.

Field I Area 8 Phasing Diagram

Stratum I

Debris 8001 Pit 8009

Stratum VI

Wall 8005 Wall 8011 Installation 8008 Surface 8006 8006.1 Surface 8029 8029.1 Preparation 8019, 8016, 8020

Stratum post VI

Debris 8032, 8030, 8034, 8031, 8035 pit 8038

Stratum XIVA

Wall 8010 Wall 8018 Installation 8041 Surface 8040/9044 surface 9049

Stratum XIVB

Wall 8010 Wall 8018 Surface 9045 Installation 8041

Stratum pre XIV

debris 8039 debris 8042

Stratum post XV debris 8036

Stratum XVA

Tower 8022 Wall 8025/8028 wall 8043 wall 8047 surface 8046 8046.1 steps 8037 guardroom wall 8047 guardroom surface 8044.

Stratum XVB

tower 8022 Wall 8043 Surf 8048 8048.1 Wall 8047 Steps 3037 guardroom wall 8047 guardroom surface 8044 Pit 8056

Stratum pre XVB

Fill 8058 Fill 8060

Stratum post XVC

Fill/collapse 9111

Stratum XVC

Tower 8022 Wall 8043 Surf 8049 8049.P 8049.1 Wall 8047 Surf 8066 8066.P 8066.1 Wall 8063 Wall 8025/8028 guardroom wall 8047 guardroom surface 8044

Stratum XVD

Tower 8022 Wall 8043 Surf 8050 8050.P 8050.1 Pit 8051 Pit 8052 Wall 8047 Surf 8071 8071.P 8071.1 Wall 8063 Wall 8025/8028 guardroom wall 8047 guardroom surface 8044

Stratum pre XV

Fill 8072 Fill 8053 Fill 8055 Fill 8057 Fill 8058 Fill 8070

Locus List Field I Area 8

Locus Phase Description

8001 I Slope debris 8002 Canceled; combined with 8001 8003 Canceled; combined with 8001 8004 Canceled; combined with 8001 8005 VI Wall 8006 VI Surface 8006.1 VI Debris of surface 8006 8007 Canceled; combined with 8006.1 8008 VI Installation 8009 I Pit 8010 XIV Wall 8011 VI Wall 8012 Canceled; combined with 8006 8013 Canceled; combined with 8006.1 8014 Canceled; combined with 8006.1 8015 Canceled; combined with 8019 8016 VI Debris beneath wall 8011 8017 Canceled; combined with 8019 8018 XIII-XIV Wall 8019 VI Debris beneath wall 8005 8020 pre VI Preparation for wall 8011 8021 pre VI Debris 8022 XV Tower 8023 Canceled; combined with 8030 8024 Canceled; combined with 8034 8025 XV Tower stone foundation 8026 Canceled; combined with 8036 8027 XV Destruction debris from tower 8022 8028 Canceled; combined with 8025 8029 VI Surface 8029.1 VI Debris of surface 8029 8030 pre VI Fill in trench 8031 pre VI Debris layer 8032 pre VI Fill in trench 8033 Canceled; combined with 8032 8034 pre VI Fill in trench 8035 Canceled; combined with 8031 8036 post XV Ash 8037 XVA Steps 8038 Canceled; combined with 8031 8039 preXIV Debris beneath wall 8018 8040 XIVA Surface 8040.1 XIVA Debris of surface 8040 8041 XIVA Installation 8042 pre XIV Debris beneath wall 8010 8043 XVA-D Wall 8044 XV Surface of “guardroom” (same as 7013) 8045 XV Wall of “guardroom” (same as 7012) 8046 XVA Surface of tower room 8046.1 XVA Debris of surface 8046 8047 XV Wall retaining steps 8037 8048 XVB Surface 8048.P XVB 8048.1 XVB Debris of surface 8048 8049 XVC Surface 8049.P XVC 8049.1 XVC Debris of surface 8049 8050 XVD Surface 8050.P XVD 8050.1 XVD Debris of surface 8050 8051 XVD Pit 8052 XVD Fire pit 8053 preXVD Fill 8054 Bedrock 8055 preXVD Fill 8056 XVB Pit 8057 preXVD Fill 8058 preXVD Fill 8059 preXVB Fill for steps 8037 8060 preXVB Fill of cobbles 8061 Canceled; combined with 8059 8062 Canceled; combined with 8060 8063 XVC-D Wall 8064 Canceled; combined with 8060 8065 Canceled; combined with ???? 8066 XVC Surface 8066.P XVC 8066.1 XVC Debris of surface 8066 8067 Canceled; combined with 8060 8068 Canceled; combined with 8060 8069 Canceled; combined with 8060 8070 preXVD Fill 8071 XVD Surface 8071.P XVD 8071.1 XVD Debris of surface 8071 8072 preXVD Fill 8073 Canceled; combined with 8071 8073.P Canceled; combined with 8071.P 8073.1 Canceled; combined with 8071.1 8074 Canceled; combined with 8072 8075 Canceled; combined with 8072

Locus Summary Area 8

Locus  Stratum      Description/Artifacts

8001	Str. I

	Te11 debris of yellow-brown soil, fairly compacted at places, containing 
	large quantities of brick detritus, pebbles, cobbles and boulder sized stones 
	along with evenly distributed sherds, ash, bones. Located over the entire 
	area at top levels 484.OO m. (W), 483.38 m. (center), 482.92 m. 
	(E) to bottom levels 482.57 m. (W), 482.45 m. (c), 482.37 m. (E) above walls 
	8005, 8011 and surfaces 8006; 8029. This locus slopes steeply down to the 
	east and shows tip lines in the North and South balks.

	Includes 8002, 8003, 8004, which have been canceled.

		I.8.1   	6/25/76		no pottery 
		I.8.2   	6/29/76		EB, Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
		I.8.3   	6/29/76		Iron II NS
		I.8.4   	6/29/76		Iron II, Hell, Rom NS
		I.8.5   	6/30/76		EB, MB early Iron II 9-8th NS
		I.8.6   	6/30/76		EB, LB, Iron I, Iron II, Byz NS 
		MC 40    	tooth		sample
		I.8.7   	6/30/76		EB, Iron II 9-7th, Hell, Rom NS, 
		I.8.8   	6/30/76		MB II, Iron II, 1 Rom/Byz
		MC 15   	flint		discard
		I.8.9   	6/30/76		EB, Iron I, Iron_II NS
		I.8.10  	6/30/76		EB, MB I, Iron II NS
		I.8.11  	7/1/76		EB, LB II, Iron II, Hell, Rom/Byz NS
		I.8.12  	7/1/76		MB II, Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
		I.8.13  	7/1/76		EB, LB II, Iron II NS
		I.8.14  	7/1/76		EB, LB, Iron II, Hell? NS
		I.8.15  	7/1/76		EB, Iron I, Iron II NS
		I.8.16  	7/2/76		EB, MB, LB, Iron II NS
		MC 438  	incised sherd	Obj. 29
		MC      	sherd with applique Obj. 35
		MC 55    	grinding stone	discard
		MC 63   	bone		sample
		I.8.17  	7/2/76		UD NS
		MC 56   	bone		sample
		I.8.18  	7/2/76		EB, LB NS
		MC 53   	flint		sample
		I.8.19  	7/2/76		EB, MB, Iron II UD NS
		I.8.20  	7/2/76		EB, Iron II NS
		I.8.21  	7/5/76		EB, Iron II, 2 terra sigilata NS
		I.8.22  	7/5/76		EB, MB I, II, LB, 1 Iron II
		MC 69   	inscribed sherd	Obj. 7 
		MC 70   	shell		sample
		MC 67   	bone		sample
		I.8.23  	7/5/76		EB, MB, Iron I, Per NS
		MC 64   	ballista	discard
		MC 66   	bone		sample
		I.8.24  	7/5/76		Iron II UD NS
		I.8.25  	7/5/76		EB, MB, LB NS
		MC 68   	lithic		sample
		MC 65   	bone		sample
		MC 71   	shell		sample
		I.8.46  	7/9/76		Rom/Byz UD NS
		I.8.48  	7/11/76		Iron II UD NS
		I.8.84  	7/21/76		Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
		I.8.85  	7/22/76		EB, Iron II, Hell
		MC 1132  	bone		sample
		I.8.86  	7/22/76		EB, Iron II NS
		I.8.87  	7/23/76		EB, Iron I, Hell/Rom NS
		I.8.92  	7/23/76		EB NS
		I.8.96  	7/25/76		EB, Iron	UD NS
		MC 1187  	bone		sample
		MC 1182  	shell		sample
		MC 1198  	lithic		sample
		MC 309  	incised sherd	Obj. 19
		I.8.147  	7/26/79		no pottery
		MC 9002    	iron bracelet	Obj. 512

8002		Canceled; combined with 8001

8003		Canceled; combined with 8001

8004		Canceled; combined with 8001

8005	Str. VI

	Wall in the northern half of Area 8 running SW to NE. It was constructed 
	of small boulder sized fieldstones, two rows wide and one course high. The wall 
	was dry laid with chinking stones. Apparently it was built in conformity with the 
	slope of the tell since the founding levels are lower on the NE 
	end of the wall. Located 3.30 m. from the  East balk and between 1.22 m. 
	and 1.90 m. from the North balk at its western end and between 
	26 cm. and 1.04 m. from the North balk at the East balk line. At top 
	levels 482.88 m. (W), 482.57 m. (center) and 482.42 m. (E) below 
	8OO1 to 482.55 m. (W), 482.34 m. (center) 482.21 m. (E) above 
	preparation material  8019.

	Surface 8006 runs to wall 8005 from the south and surface 8029 runs 
	to it from the North. This wall is contemporary with wall 8011.

		See Plan 6; Section East; Photo 56, 57.

		I.8.49  	7/12/76		UD NS
		MC 328   	bone		sample
		MC 337  	lithic		sample

8006	Str. VI

	Broken and uneven surface distinguished  from debris 8OO1 above it by a 
	layer of ash between walls 8005 and 8011. It was a yellow-brown 
	to gray-brown color with several boulder sized stones protruding 
	in the eastern section of the area. It extends from the West balk 
	to the East balk, between walls 80ll in the south and 8005 in the 
	north (approximately between 10 and 35 cm. to 2.00 m. and 2.55 m. 
	from the South balk). The surface has been cut by pit 8009 in the 
	SW corner and is very uneven and broken along the East balk. At 
	top levels 482.94 m. (W), 482.68 m. (center), 482.52 m. (E) below 
	8001 above 8006.1.

	This surface runs to walls 8005, 80ll and installation, 8008 was 
	built on this surface. Pit 8009 cut the surface in the SW corner.

	The unevenness of the surface is to be explained by the fact that 
	this surface was originally built across different materials. In the 
	east sector of the area it was built over rubble fill in a trench; 
	in the south sector of the area it was built across the top of the 
	earlier EB tower 8022. Erosion and surface robbing have also helped 
	to destroy the surface. Its slope down to the east indicates that 
	it was probably not an interior floor.

		See Sections East, West; Plan 6; Photo 56, 57, 58.

8006.1	Str. VI	

	Debris of surface 8006 consisting of yellow-brown to gray-brown matrix 
	with pebble to cobble sized stones, bone, ash, sherds. For location and 
	dimensions see 8006 above. The debris was compact along walls 8005 and 
	80ll but was much less compact along the East balk. At top levels 482.94 m. 
	(W), 482.68 (center), 482.52 m. (E) below 8006 to bottom levels 482.18 m. (E),
	482.43 m. (center), 482.55 m. (W) above tower 8O22, debris 8026, 8021, 
	debris 8031 in NW, 8030 and 8023 in SE.

	Now includes 8007, 8013, and 80l4 which have been canceled.

		I.8.26  	7/5/76		EB, Iron II UD NS
		MC 115   	bone		sample
		I.8.27  	7/5/76		EB, MB II, Iron II
		MC 114   	bone		sample
		I.8.28  	7/6/76		EB I-II, MB IIA, MB IIC
		MC 222   	flints		sample
		MC 127   	flint blade	Obj. 8
		MC 118   	bone		sample
		MC 125   	ballista	Obj. 5
		I.8.35  	7/7/76		EB, 1 Rom (intrusive) NS
		MC 147   	bone		sample
		MC 151   	flint		lithic
		I.8.36  	7/7/76		EB, MB IIC/LB I, 1 Iron II
		MC 146   	bone		sample
		MC 154   	lithic		sample
		I.8.37  	7/7/76		EB I-II, MB IIA, LB Iron II
		MC 150   	bone		sample
		MC 183  	Ceramic animal horn Obj. 14
		I.8.38  	7/7/76		EB, MB IIA/B
		I.8.40  	7/7/76		EB II, MB IIA, LB II
		MC 152   	lithic		sample
		I.8.45  	7/8/76		EB, LB I, Iron bodies NS
		MC 224   	lithic		sample
		MC 223   	bone		sample
		I.8.47  	7/9/76		EB, MB UD NS
		MC 252   	bone		sample
		MC 245   	lithic		sample
		I.8.52  	7/12/76		EB, Iron II NS

8007		Canceled; combined with 8006.1

8008	Str. VI

	Installation consisting of a flat boulder sized stone set onto 
	smaller cobbles on surface 8006. Possibly a preparation 
	area/table. It measured roughly 40 cm. by 30 cm. and stood 
	20 cm. high. Located between 15 cm. and 57 cm. from the 
	South balk and between 1.60 m. and 2.10 m. from the West 
	balk. At top level 482.96 m. below 8001 to 482.17 m. above 
	surface 8006.

	This installation was on surface 8006, was thus used with this 
	surface.

		See Plan 6.

		I.8.30  	7/6/76		EB, MB II UD NS 
		MC 124   	lithic		sample

8009	Str. I

	Pit in the SW corner of the area, filled with fine, ashy 
	brown silt with inclusions of bones, sherds, flints. Located at its 
	greatest extent 2.75 m. from the South balk and 2.50 m. from the West 
	balk. Dug from top level 482.66 m. below 8001 to 481.55 m. above debris 
	8036. (In the South balk can be seen already at top level 483.48 m.)

	This pit cut through surface 8006, debris 8006.1 and into 
	debris 8036. It also cut into tower 8022 on its western side.

		See Sections South, West. 

		I.8.31  	7/6/76		EB, MB II, 1 possible later
		MC 120  	bone		sample
		I.8.32  	7/6/76		EB I, MB II
		MC 119   	bone		sample
		MC 123   	lithic		sample
		I.8.34A  	7/7/76		EB I, EB III, MB II?
		I.8.39  	7/7/76		EB, MB IIA/B
		MC 153  	lithic		sample
		MC 156  	shell		sample
		I.8.41  	7/8/76		EB I, II, Iron II
		MC 214  	bone		sample
		MC 221  	lithic		sample
		MC 217  	shell		sample
		I.8.41A  	7/8/76		EB I-II, MB IIA
		MC 307  	half spindle whorl Obj 17
		I.8.43  	7/8/76		EB, LB

8010	Str. XIV

	Wall in the SW sector of the area, constructed of cobble and small boulder 
	sized stones. The exposed extent is 1.75 m. long and 35 cm. wide (three 
	courses high, two rows wide). At top level 482.41 m., 482.42 m., 
	482.46 m. below 8OO9 to 481.88 m. above debris 8036. Located 35 cm. from 
	the West balk (at the South balk) and 1.75 m. from the South balk (at the 
	West balk). This wall corners with wall 8O18 just beyond the West balk line. 
	In situ bricks were seen on top of this wall in the West balk. Pit 8009 cut 
	down along the east face of wall 8010. A foundation trench for this wall, 
	founding it in the earlier debris 8036, was seen in both Sections S and W.

		See Sections South, West; Plan 17; Photo 1O5, 163, 164, 208, 
		266, 268, 300

8011	Str. VI

	Wall along and in the South balk, constructed of boulder sized field stones, 
	dry laid, 2-3 courses high, one (possibly 2) row wide. It was exposed for a 
	length of 1.58 m., a height of 53 cm, A width of 42 cm. Located 40 cm. 
	from the South balk and between 75 cm. and 2.65 m. from the East balk. At 
	top levels 482.68 m. (E), 482.97 m., 482.64 m. (W) below 8001 to founding 
	levels 482.41 m. (E), 482.47 m., 482.48 m. (W) above both preparation material 
	8016 and tower 8022. A piece of a saddle quern (see Obj. 64) was on top of 
	this wall in the balk.

	The eastern end of this wall was robbed out in a trenching operation visible 
	in the South balks of Areas 8 and 7. The wall originally extended over the 
	trench and its backfill  represented by debris 8032 and 8034.

	Surface 8006 ran to this wall from the north.

		See Section South; Plan 6; Photo 8011, 57, 58.
		1O5, 163. 

		I.8.50  	7/12/76		no pottery
		MC 338  	bone		sample
		MC 335  	lithic		sample
		MC 1335  	quern		Obj. 64

8012		Canceled; combined with 8006

8013		Canceled; combined with 8006.1

8014		Canceled; combined with 8006.1

8015		Canceled; combined with 8019

8016	Str. VI

	Preparation material for the construction of wall 8011. An orange-brown clay, 
	heavily compacted. Found between 53 cm. and 1.76 m. from the East balk and 42 
	cm. from. the South balk. At top level 482.48 m. below 8011 to 482.40 m. above 
	tower 8022.

	This locus was cut at its eastern end by late pitting seen in the South 
	balks of Areas 8 and 7. This material is parallel to 8019 under wall 8005.

		See Section South.

		I.8.53  	7/12/76		UD NS

8017		Canceled; combined with 8019

8018	Str. XIII-XIV

	Wa11 in NW sector of the area, built of boulder sized field stones, 
	dry laid 2-3 rows wide, 2-3 courses high. It is 1.30 m. long, 
	80 cm. wide, 40-50 cm. high. Located between 95 cm. and 1.85 m. 
	from the North balk at the West balk line; from the West balk it 
	extends 2.40 m. where it was cut by a robber trench. At the East 
	balk its remaining stub left by the trenching is located 25 cm. 
	from the East balk and between 7 cm. and 51 cm. from the North balk. 
	At top levels 482.01 m. (W), 481.73 m., 481.86 m. (E), 481.68 m. at 
	the East balk below 8031 and 8021 and above 8036. At the East balk 
	the remaining stub of wall 8018 is above debris 8036, having been 
	founded directly in this destruction debris; at the East balk the 
	wall stub is below 8006.1 and 8001.

	This wall has been cut by a deep trenching operation seen in the 
	North balk. Wall 8010 corners with wall 8O18 in the 9/8 balk. Surface 
	8038 (only observed in the West and North balks) runs to this wall from the 
	NW. Wall 8018 is also founded directly in destruction debris 8036; the 
	foundation trench was observed in the West balk. Same as 9041.

		See Sections West, East; Plan 17; Photo 1O5, 163, 163A, 164, 164A, 208, 
		268, 300, 377, 950.

		I.8.121  	7/13/77		EB III
		MC 2451  	potter's mark	Obj. 217
		MC 2461  	bone		sample
		MC 2463  	flint		sample
		I.8.122  	7/14/77		EB II
		MC 2460  	bone		sample
		I.9.134  	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 2981  	flint		sample
		MC 2982  	bone		sample

8019	Str. VI

	Preparation material of orange-brown and yellow-brown compacted clay 
	set down for the purpose of leveling for the construction of wall 8005. 
	Located between 75 cm. and 4.00 m. from the West balk and between 
	approximately l.00 a. and 1.75 m. from the North balk (at a point 1.50 m. 
	from the West balk); at the East balk it is between 60 cm. and 1.20 m. from 
	the North balk. At top levels 482.55 m. (W) and 482.21 m. (E) below 8005 to 
	bottom level 481.97 m. above 8021.

	Now includes 8015, 8017, which have been canceled.

		See Section East.

		I.8.51  	7/12/76		EB I, III
		MC 324    	bone		sample
		MC 333    	flint		sample
		I.8.54  	7/12/76		EB I, III
		MC 326  	bone		sample
		MC 331  	lithic		sample
		MC 350  	shell		sample
		I.8.55  	7/12/76		EB, MB IIC
		MC 330  	bone		saample
		MC 336  	flint		sample
		MC 437  	spindle whorl	Obj. 24
		I.8.56  	7/12/76		EB I-III
		MC 332  	lithic		sample
		MC 325  	bone		sample
		MC 434  	lithic		sample
		I.8.57  	7/13/76		EB I-III
		MC 361  	bone		sample
		MC 370  	lithic		sample 
		I.8.58  	7/13/76		EB I-III 
		MC 360  	bone		sample
		MC 372  	lithic		sample
		I.8.59  	7/13/76		EB I UD
		I.8.60  	7/13/76		EB I-III
		MC 359  	bone		sample
		MC 369  	lithic		sample
		MC 366  	shell		sample
		I.8.61  	7/13/76		EB I-III
		MC 365  	bone		sample
		MC 367  	lithic		sample

8020	Str. pre VI

	Preparation material for construction of wall 8011, consisting of a thick lens 
	of yellow-brown and reddish-brown bricky material which appears mainly along the 
	East balk. Contained cobble sized stones, sherds. Located between 1.10 m. and 2.50 
	m. from the North balk and 1.35 m. from the East balk. At top level 482.04 m. below 
	8011 to bottom level 481.83 m. above 8021 and 8030. 

		See Section East.

		I.8.62  	7/13/76		EB UD NS
		MC 358  	bone		sample
		I.8.69  	7/15/76		EB I-III, LB II, Iron II
		MC 431  	flint		sample
		MC 435  	bone		sample
		MC 488  	bone		sample
		I.8.70  	7/15/76		EB III, Iron UD
		I 8.88  	7/23/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 164  	bone		sample

8021	Str. pre VI

	Debris layer of silty brown ash and mud brick detritus which included 5% pebbles, 
	large quantity of sherds. Located in the center of the area on top of the lower 
	tower structure 8022, approximately between 1.25 m. and 3.25 m. from the West balk 
	and between 1.00 n. and 3.25 m. from the North balk. At top levels 482.00 m. (N), 
	482.46 m. (S) below 8019, 8020, 8006.1 to bottom level 481.60 m. above 8022, L.8027.

	This debris runs to the lower courses of wall 8018 and is apparently the churned up 
	mudbrick and destruction ash from tower 8022 from the foundation trenching for wall 
	8018. This trench into 8022 is visible in the rounded cut in the northwest corner of 
	the tower (see plan 19, photo 164). However, the material of this locus cannot easily 
	be distinguished from the later robber trench in the eastern sector of the area, since 
	the robber trench cuts across and into the earlier foundation trench as well as into 
	tower 8022 and its destruction debris 8036.

		I.8.63  	7/13/76		EB I-III
		MC 362  	bone		sample
		MC 368  	flint		sample
		MC 364  	shell		sample
		I.8.64  	7/14/76		EB I-III
		MC 413  	bone		sample
		MC 415  	flint		sample
		MC 440  	incised sherd	Obj. 26
		I.8.65  	7/14/76		EB I-III
		MC 409  	bone		sample
		I.8.66  	7/14/76		EB I-III
		I.8.67  	7/14/76		EB I-III
		MC 411  	bone		sample
		MC 416  	flint		sample
		I.8.68  	7/15/76		EB UD NS
		I.8.71  	7/15/76		EB II, III
		MC 436  	bone		sample
		MC 433  	flint		sample
		MC 439  	worked flint	Obj. 25
		I.8.72  	7/15/76		EB I-II
 
8022	Str. XV

	Mud brick superstructure to a fortification tower, constructed 
	on a stone foundation or base. The mudbrick stands 8-9 bricks high 
	at its presently preserved height (c. 1.20 m. at its point above 
	stone foundation 8025). The mudbricks in section (see Section South) 
	exhibit a pattern or construction method: on the stone base was laid 
	a course of yellowish bricks (c. 25 cm. in height, 30 cm. in width); 
	a brown course/layer was placed on top (c. 7?10 cm. high); a gray 
	course/layer was placed on the brown course, but did not extend to 
	the face of the tower (c. 7-8 cm. high). Next the pattern was repeated, 
	this time with the inside yellow brick being only 18?20 cm. high.

	The mud brick superstructure is located 2.45 m. from the South balk at 
	its western most point, 2.21 m. from the South balk at the East balk; 
	from the East balk it is 3.30 m. along the South balk and 3.10 m. 
	from the East balk at its northern extent. At top levels 482.45 m. 
	beneath wall 8Oll and preparation material 8016 and debris 8006.1; at 
	481.27 m. and 481.68 m. beneath robber trench fill 8030 and 8034; at 
	481.27 m. beneath foundation trench fill 8021. To bottom level 481.28 m. 
	above foundation wall 8025.

	Destruction debris 8036 run up against the mud bricks from the North 
	and from the West. Destruction debris 8027 also runs to the northern 
	edge of the superstructure. Wall 8063 abuts it on the West side. 
	Surfaces 8066 and 8071 run to its west face, north of wall 8063. 
	Fill 8060 is also against the west face of tower 8022. Surfaces 8046, 
	8048, 8049 and 8050 run to the North face of tower 8022. Built on bedrock.

		See Sections East, South; Plan 8XV C, D; Photo 1O5, 8022, 8022A, 163, 
		163A, 164, 164A, 208, 300, 376, 377, 950,
		EB Field, EB Field A, Photo 8037, 378, 
		Photo 8037A, 8025, Str. XV,  Str. XV-A.

		I.8.373		7/1/87		No pottery
		MC 58749	flint awl	Obj. 1737

8023		Canceled; combined with 8030

8024		Canceled; combined with 8034

8025	Str. XV

	The stone foundation for mudbrick superstructure 8022. Constructed of 
	boulder-sized fieldstone, dry laid, revealed to 6 courses high, 66 cm. 
	Located 2.45 m. from the South balk at a point 75 cm. from the West balk.

	Destruction debris 8036 lies against the western face. Surface 8037 and 
	8037.1 runs to this wall from the West.

		See Section South; Plan 8XV C, D; Photo 164, 865, Photo 8037, Photo 8037A, 8063A, 
		8025, 8022A, 8046,  Str. XV.

8026		Canceled; combined with 8036

8027	Str. XV

	Destruction debris from tower 8022. Debris layer of compacted yellow, 
	yellow-brown brick detritus mixed with ash and cobbles (and one boulder 
	sized stone). Located between 92 cm. and 2.98 m. from the West balk and 
	between wall 8018 (approximately 1.00 m.) and mudbrick superstructure 8022 
	(approximately 1.70 m.) from the North balk. At top level 481.62 m. 
	below 8021 to bottom levels 481.20 m., 481.38 m. above 8036.

	This debris, which is part of the destruction debris associated with 
	tower 8022, has been cut by the foundation trench for wall 8018 and by 
	the robber trench in the eastern part of the area (hence runs to 8034 
	in the east). Runs also to tower superstructure 8022 and to foundation 
	wall 8025. It also runs to wall 8018.

	To be seen as part of the destruction debris from tower 8022.

		I.8.80  	7/21/76		EB III
		MC l125  	bone		sample
		MC 1123  	lithic		sample
		I.8.81  	7/21/76		EB II-III
		MC 1126  	bone		sample
		I.8.82  	7/21/76		EB II-III
		I.8.104  	7/26/76		EB III
		MC 1270  	lithic		sample
		MC 1268  	bone		sample

8028		Canceled; combined with 8025

8029	Str. VI

	Surface of compacted earth, yellow-brown in color. The remaining
	portions of the surface along the West and North balks were fairly
	even but broken and uneven along the East balk. Located 4.00 m.
	from the West balk and approximately 1.00 m. from the North balk.
	At top level 482.48 m. below 8001 and above 8029.1. The surface ran 
	to wall 8005 from the north.

	The broken and uneven part of the surface along the East and North 
	balks can be detected by a line of stones in the sections (see sections 
	at 482.25 m.).

		See Sections North, West, East; Plan 6.

8029.1	pre VI

	Debris of surface 8029, consisting of loosely compacted yellow-browm soil, 
	containg pebbles, cobbles, a few boulders and sherds. Located 4.00 m. from 
	the West balk and approximately 1.00 m. from the North balk. At top level 
	482.48 below 8029 to bottom level 482.33 m. (E) above 8031, 8032.

	Runs to wall 8005 from the north. This surface sealed the trench backfill 8032.

		See Sections North, West, East.

		I.8.91  	7/23/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 1165  	flint		sample
		MC 1162  	bone		sample

8030	Str. pre VI

	Backfill in a trenching operation across the eastern sector of the area. It 
	is a large lens of pebbles, cobbles, boulders in a matrix of yellow-brown 
	clay mixed with some ash. Located in the SE corner 2.00 m. from the South 
	balk and 50 cm. (along the South balk) and 75 cm. (at a point 2.00 m. from the 
	South balk) from the East balk. At top level 481.83 m. below 8020 and 8006.1 to 
	bottom level 481.68 m. (SE) above 8022 and 481.51 above debris 8034.

	This locus is a backfill into the trenching across the eastern part of Area 8 
	(and the western part of area 7), with possibly a deliberate backfill for the 
	building of walls 8011 and 8005.

	Includes 8023 which has been canceled. 

		See Sections East, South.


		I.8.73  	7/19/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 458   	bone		sample
		I.8.89  	7/23/76		Iron II 7/6th
		I.8.90  	7/23/76		EB, Iron II
		I.8.93  	7/23/76		EB, Iron II NS
		I.8.94  	7/25/76		EB III, 1 Iron II
		MC 1186  	shell		sample
		I.8.98  	7/25/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 1190  	bone		sample
		MC 1200  	flint		sample

8031	Str. pre VI

	Debris of yellow clay, bricky detritus which contained pebbles 
	(20%), boulders, few sherds. Lightlv compacted and probably to be 
	understood as collapse of mudbrick. Located l.OO m. from 
	the North balk and 1.92 m. from the West balk. At top level 482.47 m. 
	(W), 482.33 m. (E) below 8029.1 to bottom level 481.74 m. above wall 8018.

	This debris has been cut by the robber trench in the eastern sector of 
	the area; thus it runs to the backfill 8032. It also runs to debris 8021 
	over wall 8018.

		See Sections North, West.

		I.8.95  	7/25/76		EB, Iron I, Iron II, Pers.
		MC 1179  	bone		sample
		MC 1215  	lithic		sample
		MC 1241  	lithic		sample
		MC 1246  	ballista	Obj. 43
		I.8.101  	7/26/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 1213  	lithic		sample
		MC 1233  	bone		sample

8032	Str. pre VI

	Fill in trench, consisting of a mixture of yellowish-brown clay, concentrations 
	of gray and black ash, large percentage of boulders (20%), cobbles and pebbles 
	with sherds. Chaotic mixture, interpreted as backfill in a trenching operation 
	across the eastern sector of the area. Located 1.75 m. from the East balk and 
	l.00 m. from the North balk. At top level 482.02 below 8029 to 480.97 m. above 
	debris 8036.

	This debris is against both ends of wall 8O18, which was cut by the trenching, 
	and runs to 8034 from the north. 

	Includes 8033 which has been canceled.

		See Sections North, East.

		I.8.97  	7/25/76		EB III, one Iron II sherd NS
		MC 1212  	lithic		sample
		I.8.99  	7/26/76		EB II-III
		MC 1231  	bone		sample
		MC 1214  	lithic		sample
		I.8.102  	7/26/76		EB II, Iron II
		MC 1216   	lithic		sample
		MC 1230  	bone		sample
		I.8.103  	7/26/76		EB III
		MC 1217  	lithic		sample
		MC 1234  	bone		sample
		I.8.105  	7/28/76		EB, Iron II, possibly later
		MC 1284  	lithic		sample
		MC 1272  	bone		sample

8033		Canceled; combined with 8032

8034	Str. pre VI

	Fill in trench, a lens or heap of pebbles and cobbles along the East balk, 
	backfill in the robber trench across the east end of the area. Located between
	l.OO m. and 3.25 m. from the North balk and 1.00 m. from the East balk. At 
	top level 481.91 m. below 8030 to bottom level 481.07 m. above 8022 and 8036. 
	This debris runs to 8032 from the south and to 8021 from the east.

	This is still another part of the fill in the robber trench cutting across the 
	eastern sector of the area.

	Includes 8024 which has been canceled.

		See Section East.

		I.8.74  	7/19/76		EB II-III, Iron II NS
		MC 460  	flint		sample
		I.8.75  	7/19/76		EB I-III, Iron II, Hell
		MC 456  	bone		sample
		I.8.lOO  	7/26/76		EB, Iron II
		MC 1232  	bone		sample

8035		Canceled; combined with 8031

8036	Str. post XV

	Ash deposit inside fortification wall line of Str. XV. Debris locus of 
	destruction material consisting of alternating lenses of wind and water 
	borne black ash and yellow to brown brick detritus. 

	Destruction debris, consisting of alternating striations
	of ash and washed brick detritus. Destruction debris associated with 
	the final use of the Str. XV tower and fortification. 

	Color: black, dark gray, white, bands and lenses of brown and yellow-brown. 
	Compacted heavily beneath later phase walls 8010/9049, 8018/9041; lightly 
	compacted elsewhere. Contained large quantities of sherds, uniformly small, as
	if washed into this area, as well as large quantities of chert blades.

	Located between 1.40 m. and 8.40 m. from the Area 7 East balk (into Area 9, 
	8.40 m. wide), and 4.0 m. from the Area 9 North balk and 1.80 m. from Area 
	8 North balk to tower 8022. At top levels 481.80 m (SW), 481.22 m. (NW) 
	(in Area 9, 9/8), 481.67 m , 481.08 m. (in Area 8) below 8018/9041, 8010/9040, 
	9045, 8032, 8034, and 7001 to bottom levels 480 69 m. (in Area 7), 479.74 m. 
	(E), 478.57 m. (C), 478.54 m.(W) (in Area 8), 480.53 m. (S), 479.58 m. (c), 
	479.11 m. (N) (in Area 9, 9/8) above stairs 9050, wall 8047, surface 8046, 
	wall 8043, and "guardroom" surface 7013.

	This ash was pitted by 8032 and 8034; surfaces 8040/9045, and 9049 were laid 
	directly on the ash; walls 8018/9041, 8010/9040 were founded in the ash.
	In addition this ash lay against the faces of tower 8022, 8025, the faces of 
	wall 8047, the western face of wall 8043, 7012/8045.

	As described here includes 9046 and 8026.

		See Sections 9North, 9South, 9East, 8West, 8South, 8East, 
		7West, A7West; Photo 865, 8036, 8036A, 8036B, 8036C, 8036D.

		I.8.29  	7/6/76		EB I-III
		MC 126   	shell		sample
		MC 117   	bone		sample
		MC 247   	lithic		sample
		I.8.33  	7/6/76		EB I-III
		MC 121  	lithic		sample
		MC 116  	bone		sample
		I.8.34  	7/7/76		EB
		MC 182   	spindle whorl	Obj. 13
		MC 149  	bone		sample
		MC 155  	lithic		sample
		MC 181  	incised sherd	Obj. 12
		MC 308  	half loom weight Obj. 18
		I.8.44  	7/8/76		EB (?)
		MC 215  	bone		sample
		I.8.76  	7/19/76		EB III
		MC 459  	bone		sample
		MC 461  	lithic		sample
		MC 457  	shell		sample
		MC 483  	lithic		sample
		I.8.77  	7/20/76		EB II-III
		MC 487  	bone		sample
		MC 481  	lithic		sample
		MC 490  	incised sherd	Obj. 36
		I.8.78  	7/20/76		EB II-III
		MC 486  	bone		sample
		MC 488  	shell		sample
		MC 498  	lithic		sample
		I.8.79  	7/20/76		EB II-III
		MC 482  	lithic		sample
		MC 484  	bone		sample
		I.8.83  	7/21/76		EB III
		MC 1127  	thermoluminescence sample 1
		I.8.106  	7/28/76		EB II-III
		MC 1270  	bone		sample
		MC 1281  	lithic		sample
		MC 1273  	shell		sample
		MC 1287  	ceramic figurine Obj. 60
		I.8.107  	7/28/76		EB II, III
		MC 1271  	bone		sample
		MC 1285  	lithic		sample
		I.8.108  	7/28/76		EB II-III
		MC 1269  	bone		sample
		MC 1283  	lithic		sample
		I.8.109  	7/29/76		EB II, III
		MC 1306  	bone		sample
		MC 1293  	lithic		sample
		I.8.111  	7/29/76		EB II, III
		MC 1301  	bone		sample
		MC 1298  	lithic		sample
		MC 1325  	incised sherd	Obj. 56
		I.8.112  	7/29/76		EB II, III
		MC 1326  	incised sherd	Obj. 53
		MC 1327  	incised sherd	Obj. 54
		MC 1297  	lithic		sample
		MC 1300  	bone		sample
		I.8.113  	7/30/76		EB II, III
		MC 1324  	flint		sample
		MC 1323  	bone		sample
		MC 1328  	incised sherd	Obj. 57
		MC 1314  	flint blade	Obj. 58
		I.8/7.114	7/7/77		EB II/III
		MC 2243  	bone		sample 
		MC 2244  	flint		sample
		MC 2252  	flint blade	sample
		MC 2050  	worked stone	discard
		MC 2245  	lunate flint	Obj. 191
		MC 2250  	lithic		discard
		MC 2254  	flint blade	Obj. 203, Obj. 203A
		I.8/7.115	7/7/77		EB II/III
		I.8.116  	7/7/77		EB II/III
		MC 2290  	bone		sample
		MC 2292  	flint		sample
		I.8/7.117	7/7/77		EB II/III
		I.8.118  	7/11/77		EB II/III
		MC 2307  	bone		sample
		MC 2306  	flint		sample
		MC 2315  	flint blade	Obj. 190
		MC 2316  	flint blade	Obj. 199
		MC 2317  	flint blade	Obj. 200
		MC 2312  	flint blade	Obj. 201
		MC 2313  	flint blade	Obj. 202, Obj. 202A
		MC 2314  	flint blade	Obj. 189
		MC 2308  	grinding stone	discard
		MC 2305  	seed		sample
		I.8.119  	7/11/77		EB II/III
		MC 2422  	potter's mark	Obj. 212 
		I.8.120  	7/11/77		EB II/III
		MC 2336  	bone		sample
		MC 2337  	flint		sample
		I.8.125  	7/14/77		EB II/III
		MC 2603  	bone		sample
		MC 2604  	flint		sample
		MC 2610  	flint blade	Obj. 215
		I.8.126  	7/14/77		EB II/III
		I.8.127  	7/14/77		EB II/III
		I.8.128  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		MC 2615  	flint		sample
		MC 2616  	bone		sample
		MC 2617  	animal figurine Obj. 229
		I.8.132  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		MC 2656  	flint		sample
		MC 2652  	flint blade	Obj. 224
		I.8.133  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		MC 2648  	flint		Sample
		MC 2653  	bone		Sample
		MC 2651  	flint	blade	Obj. 218
		MC 2654  	flint blade	Obj. 220
		MC 2649  	flint blade	Obj. 223
		MC 2717  	marked sherd	Obj. 237
		MC 2718  	marked sherd	Obj. 231
		I.8.134  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		I.8.135  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		I.8.136  	7/18/77		EB II/III
		MC 2684  	bone		Sample
		MC 2685  	flint		2685-1, 2685-1A
				2685-2, 2685A-2
				2685-3, 2685-3A
				2685-4, 2685-4A
		MC 2687  	turquoise?	sample
		MC 2688  	flint blade	Obj. 221
		MC 2689  	flint blade	Obj. 222
		I.8.137  	7/18/77		EB II/III 1 Khirbet Kerak
		MC 2646  	bone		Sample
		MC 2713  	flint		Sample
		MC 2712  	spindle whorl	Obj. 240
		MC 2710  	quern frag	discard
		MC 2714  	flint blade	Obj. 234
		MC 2709  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2723  	flint blade	Obj. 249
		MC 2722  	flint blade	Obj. 247
		MC 2721  	flint scraper	Obj. 250
		I.8.138  	7/18/77		EB II/III
		MC 2711  	bone needle	Obj. 242
		MC 2845  	spindle whorl	Obj. 259
		I.8.139  	7/19/77		EB II/III Khirbet Kerak?
		MC 2748  	bone		Sample
		MC 2747  	flint		Sample
		MC 2752  	spindle whorl	Obj. 236
		MC 2755  	flint blade	Obj. 248
		MC 2757  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2759  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2758  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2756  	flint blade	Obj. 244
		MC 2753  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2842  	spindle whorl	Obj. 256
		MC 2844  	potter's mark	Obj. 258
		I.8.140  	7/19/77		EB II/III Khirbet Kerak?
		MC 2841  	stone spindle whorl Obj. 255
		MC 2782  	bone		Sample
		MC 2783  	flint		Sample
		MC 2784  	flint blade	Obj. 272
		MC 2793  	flint blade	Obj. 270
		MC 2787  	flint blade	Obj. 271
		MC 2788  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2792  	flint blade	Obj. 274
		MC 2786  	flint blade	Sample
		MC 2785  	flint blade	Obj. 273
		I.8.141  	7/19/77		EB II/III
		I.8.142  	7/19/77		EB II/III
		I.8.143  	7/20/77		EB II/III
		I.8.144  	7/20/77		EB II/III
		MC 2944  	flint		sample
		MC 2943  	bone		sample
		MC 2830  	bone needle	Obj. 257
		I.8/7.145	7/26/77		EB II/III
		MC 4068  	half spindle whorl Obj. 313
		MC 4069  	half spindle whorl Obj. 314
		MC 4140  	bone		sample
		MC 4141   	half spindle whorl Obj. 323
		MC 4137  	flint		sample
		I.8/7.145A	7/26/77		EB II/III
		I.9/8.126	7/21/77		EB II/III
		MC 2899  	bone		sample
		MC 2900  	flint		2900-1, 2900-1A
					2900-2, 2900-2A
					2900-3, 2900-3A
					2900-4, 2900-4A
					2900-5, 2900-5A
		MC 2950  	flint blade	Obj. 268
		MC 2951  	flint blade	Obj. 269
		MC 2952  	flint blade	sample
		MC 2454  	flint blade	sample
		I.9/8.128	7/21/77		EB II/III
		I.9.130  	7/21/77		EB II/III
		MC 2941  	bone		sample
		MC 2942  	flint		sample
		MC 2949  	spindle whorl	Obj. 260
		MC 2948  	stone		discard
		MC 2953  	flint blade	sample
		I.9/8.136	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 2983  	bone		sample
		MC 2979 	flint		sample
		MC 2977  	flint blade	Obj. 297
		MC 2984  	ballista	Obj. 284
		MC 2976  	carnelian bead	Obj. 285
		I.9/8.137	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 3046  	lithic  	Obj. 293, Obj. 293A
		MC 3050  	bone		sample
		MC 3052  	flint		3052-1, 3052-1A
				3052-2, 3052-2A
		I.9/8.138	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 4160  	potter's mark	Obj. 324
		MC 3047  	flint blades	Obj. 298
		I.9/8.139	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 4003  	animal figurine	Obj.309 
		I.9/8.140	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 4002  	male(human?)figurine Obj.291
		I.9/8.141	7/24/77		EB II/III
		MC 3089  	bone		sample
		MC 3090  	flint		sample
		MC 3087  	flint blade	Obj. 294
		MC 3092  	worked stone	discard
		I.9.142  	7/24/77		EB II/III
		MC 3091  	bone		sample
		MC 3093  	flint		sample
		MC 4010  	grinding stone frag discard
		MC 3088 	flint blade	Obj. 296
		I.9.143  	7/24/77		EB II/III
		I.9.144  	7/24/77		EB II/III
		MC 4011  	bone		sample
		MC 4012  	flint		sample
		MC 4013  	flint blade	sample
		I.9.145  	7/25/77		EB II/III
		MC 4089  	bone		sample
		MC 4087  	flint		sample
		MC 4088  	lithics		4088-1, 4088-1A
					4088-2
					4088-3, 4088-3A
		MC 4090  	flint blade	Obj. 315
		MC 4091  	wadi pebble	discard
		I.9.147  	7/25/77		EB II/III
		I.9.148  	7/25/77		EB II/III
		MC 4088  	flint		sample
		I.9.149  	7/26/77		EB II/III
		MC 4112  	bone		sample
		MC 4110  	flint		sample
		MC 4108  	flint blade	0bj. 319
		I.9.150  	7/26/77		EB II/III
		I.9/8.151  	7/27/77		EB II/III
		MC 4153  	bone		sample
		MC 4155  	flint		sample
		MC 4151  	flint blade	Obj. 317
		MC 4136  	flint blade	Obj. 318, Obj. 318A
		I.9/8.152	7/27/77		EB II/III
		I.9/8.153	7/27/77		EB II/III
		MC 4159  	bone		sample
		MC 4161  	flint		sample

8037	Str. XVA

	Steps of hard packed clay, yellow-brown in color. As exposed in Areas 
	8 and 9 there were six irregularly built steps next to tower 8022 and 
	retaining wall 8047. Appears to have been built over a cobble base, as 
	seen in an ancient cut or pit into the top exposed step. 

	The steps are fairly even, with sloping "risers" from one step to the 
	next higher step. The width of each step varies from the eastern to the 
	western extent, narrower at one end than at the other. Located 4.0 m. 
	from the North balks of Areas 9, 9/8, 8, and approximately between 3.25 
	and 6 m. from the East balk of Area 8 (c. 2.75 m. wide at present exposure). 
	At top levels 480.53 m. (S.), 480.21 m., 479.79 m., 479.58 m., 479.36 m., 
	479.11 m. (N) below 8036/9046.

	These steps were built against the western faces of tower 8022 and wall 8047.
	As described here includes 9050.

		See Sections 9South, 8South, 8West, 9East, 9North, 8North; Plan 87; 
		Photo 8037, Photo 8037A, 8022A, 376, 378.

8037.1	Str. XVA

	Debris of surface/steps 8037.

		I.8.110  	7/29/76		EB II, III
		MC 1295  	flint		sample
		MC 1309  	bone		sample

8038		Canceled; combined with 8031

8039	Str. pre XIV

	Debris under wall 8018/9041, consisting of compacted ash, light gray 
	to black in color. To be identified with 8036/9046, since wall 8018 was 
	founded in this destruction ash. Located betweem 3.0 m. and 5.90 m. from 
	the West balk of Area 9, and between 60 cm. and 1.85 m. from the North 
	balk of Area 8 and between 1.40 m. and 2.45 m. from the North balk of 
	Area 9. At top levels 481.08 m. (E), 481.42 m. (W) below wall 8018/9041 
	to 481.00 m. (E), 481.35 m. (W) above 8036/9046.

	Includes now 9048 as described here.

		I.8.123  	7/14/77		EB II/III
		MC 2608  	flint		sample
		MC 2609  	bone		sample
		MC 2611  	stone		discard
		I.9.135  	7/22/77		EB II/III

8040	Str. XIVA

	Surface of heavily compacted, fine yellow-brown clay virtually free of stones 
	and sherds. A few red-brown bricks were encountered in the clay matrix. This 
	is a deliberately and carefully prepared surface, probably to seal the black 
	destruction ash below from the interior of a well-built room or building.

	At approximately 2.50 m. from the West balk of Area 8 this surface was interrupted 
	by pit 8032.

	The surface was located between 3.0 m. and 6.50 m. from the West balk of Area 9, 
	and between 60 cm. and 1.O m. from the North balk of Area 8 and 1.40 m. from the 
	North balk of Area 9. At top levels 481.45 m (E), 481.79 m. (W)  below 8031, 9036, 
	9042 and above 8040.1.

	This surface runs to wall 8018/9041 from the north; pit 8032 cuts this surface in 
	the east. As described here includes 9044.

		See Sections 9East, 9North, 8West, 8North; Plan 81.

8040.1	Str. XIVA

	Debris of surface 8040/9044. For location and description see 8040 above. 
	At top levels 481.45 m. (E), 481.79 m. (W) below surface 8040/9044 to 
	bottom levels 481.72 m. (W), 481.40 m. (E) above 9045. Contained some ash 
	and pottery as buildup, but consisted almost entirely of heavily compacted 
	fine clay.

	Includes 9044.1.

		I.8.124  	7/14/77		EB II/III
		MC 2606  	flint		sample
		MC 2620  	bone		sample
		MC 2621  	flint blade	sample
		MC 2751  	flint		Obj. 251
		I.8.129  	7/14/77		EB
		I.9.108  	7/14/77		EB
		MC 2450  	bone		sample
		MC 2455  	flint		sample
		I.9/8.120	7/19/77		EB II/III
		MC 2789  	bone		sample
		I.9/8.123	7/19/77		EB

8041	Str. XIVA

	Installation consisting of an EB II/III flat-bottomed vessel set into a fine, 
	wet clay in and below the level of surface 8040. Probably used for the storage 
	of some material or food. The lining for this vessel was a brown/brown-yellow 
	granular sized clay which was placed into a cutting through the surface 8040 
	into ash 8036; the vessel was then pushed into the wet lining to make a tight 
	fit of the lining around the pot. The top of the vessel had been broken and lost, 
	probably in the trenching of 8032 or 9036/8031. Located between 9 cm. and 48 cm, 
	from the North balk and between 1.86 m. and 2.22 m. from the East balk. At top 
	level 481.10 m. below 8031 to 480.78 m., 480.77 m. above 8036.

	The installation was used with surface 8040 and wall 8018.

		Photo 321

		I.8.130  	7/15/77		EB II/III
		MC 2650  	clay lining	sample
		MC 2655  	flint		Sample
		MC 2647	bone		Sample

8042		pre XIV

	Debris beneath wall 8010, consisting of dark black to gray ash, hard 
	packed. Same as 8036, since wall 8010 was founded in ash 8036. Located 
	2.10 m. from the South balk and between 3.55 m. and 4.65 m. from the East 
	balk. At top levels 481.90 m. (S), 481.77 m. (N) below wall 8010/9040 
	to bottom levels 481.67 m., 481.71 m. above 8036.

	Includes 9047.

		I.8.131  	7/15/77		EB II
		I.9.125  	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 2839  	bone		sample
		I.9/8.133	7/22/77		EB II/III
		MC 2978  	bone		sample
		MC 2980    	flint		sample

8043	Str. XVA-D

	Fortification curtain wall abutting tower base 8022/8025 from 
	the north. Seen within the 8/7 balk, the inner face of wall 
	7009/A7008/B7002/C7002. The wall stands at its original height as 
	the stone sockle for the upper "guardroom" and brick superstructure, 
	eight courses high (c. 1.90 m.) as presently exposed. In Area 8/7 
	the wall was approximately 1.80 m. long. At top level 480.41 m. below 
	7012/8045, surface 7013/8044 to an exposed depth of 478.S0 m. Surface 
	8046 runs to this wall from the west; debris 8036 lay against the 
	western face. Abuts tower 8022 from the north. The entire exposed 
	inner face of this wall had been plastered in antiquity. Wall 8043 was 
	founded on bedrock.

	This is the inner face of the fortification wall of the EB defense 
	system in Field I. See 7009.

		See Section North; Plan 87; Photo 294, 376, 378, 407, 407B, 
		407C, Photo 8037A, 8046, Str. XV.

8044	Str. XV

	Clay surface of the "guardroom," which is partially in the 8/7 balk. 
	For description see Area 7 7013.

8045	Str. XV

	Plastered mudbrick wall constructed on top of sockle 8044. 
	Continuation of 7012. For description see 7012.

8046	Str. XVA

	Surface of packed earth. Located between ca. 1.0 m. (at wall 8047) 
	and 4.5 m. from the West balk to wall 8043 and ca. 1.6 m. from the 
	North balk to tower 8022 at top level 478.75 m. (W), 478.70 m. (E) 
	below ash 8036 and above debris 8046.1.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.

		See Section East, Photo 8037A, 8046. 

8046.1	Str. XVA

	Debris of surface 8046. For location and dimensions see 8046 above. 
	Consists of grey to yellow -brown clay of a coarse bricklike texture 
	with bits of charcoal and ash as well as inclusions of lithics, shell, 
	bone and pottery. At top levels 478.75 m. (W), 478.70 m. (E) below 
	surface 8046 to bottom level 478.65 m. (W), 478.60 m. (E) above 
	surface 8048. Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.

		See Section East.

		I.8.147  	7/26/79		EB NS
		MC 8485  	lithic		sample
		I.8.148  	6/23/83		EB II
		MC 14066	Shell		sample
		MC 14070	Lithic		sample
		MC 23005	Part of Ceramic Figurine Obj. 889
		I.8.149  	6/24/83		EB III
		MC 14067  	lithics  	14067-1, 14067-1A
				14067-2, 14067-2A
		I.8.150  	6/24/83		EB III
		MC 14125	Lithic		sample
		MC 14126	Bone		sample
		MC 14127	Shell		sample
		I.8.165  	6/29/83		EB III
		MC 23015	Shell		sample 
		MC 23016	Lithic		sample 
		MC 23017	Bone		sample
		I.8.166  	6/30/83		EB 
		MC 23018	Bone		sample 
		MC 23020	Shell		sample
		MC 23021	Shell		sample  
		I.8.241  	7/27/83		EB 
		MC 23182	Bone		sample 
		MC 23183	Lithic		sample 
		I.8.242  	7/27/83		EB 
		MC 23187	Lithic		sample 
		I.8.243  	7/27/83		EB III

8047	Str. XV

	Stone wall extending north from the northwest corner of tower 8022. Constructed 
	of small boulder and cobble sized stones, plastered on both faces and top. Where 
	the stones have been exposed the wall appears to have been dry laid. The wall was 
	two rows wide (approximately 50 cm.), 1.75 m. long, 9-10 courses high (c. 1.60 m. 
	on the eastern face). Located 1.75 m. from the North balk and between 25 cm. and 
	85 cm. from the West balk. At top levels 480.22 m.(S), 479.82 m. (N.) below 8036 
	to an exposed depth of 478.54 m.

	Steps 8037/9050 were built against the west face of this wall, the wall serving 
	as a retaining or support wall for the steps. Surfaces 8046, 8048, 8049 and 8050 
	run to its east face. Surfaces 8037 (steps), 8066 and 8071 run to its western face. 
	The wall itself abuts tower 8022. Built on bedrock at foundation level 478.05 m. 
	This means that wall 8047 is exactly 1.75 m. in height.

		See Section North; Plan 8XV C, D; Photo 8037, Photo 8037A, 8063A, 376, 377, 
		378, 865, 8025, 8022A, 955.

8048	Str. XVB

	Uneven surface of compacted brick-like material covered with a thin 
	ash lens.  Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk 
	(to wall 8043) and 1.6 m. from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top 
	level 478.60 m. (E), 478.65 m. (W) below debris 8046.1 and above debris 
	8048.1. Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. The limited amount of 
	pottery recovered and the absence of other kinds of material on the 
	surface preclude a determination of function.

		See Section East, North.

8048.P	Str. XVB

	Pottery on surface 8048. For location and dimensions see 8048 above.

		I.8.152  	6/24/83		EB II
		I.8.168  	6/30/83		EB II

8048.1	Str. XVB

	Debris of surface 8048, consisting of yellowish brick-like material 
	which includes some loosely compacted gray ashy soil buildup. For 
	location and dimensions see 8048 above. At top levels 478.65 m. (W), 
	478.60 m. (E) below surface 8048 to bottom levels 478.43 m. (E), 478.55 m. 
	(W) above surface 8049.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.

		See Section East, North.

		I.8.151  	6/24/83		EB I, EB II 
		MC 14144	Bone		sample
		I.8.154  	6/24/83		EB II 
		MC 14131	Bone		sample
		MC 14132	Shell		sample
		MC 14145	Lithic		14145, 14145A
		MC 14146	Fish vertebra	sample
		MC 14147	Bitumen		Discard
		MC 23006	Spindle Whorl	Obj. 890 
		I.8.169  	6/30/83		EB II 
		MC 23022	Lithic		sample
		MC 23023	Bone		sample 
		MC 23024	Shell		sample
		I.8.244  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23191	Bone		sample 
		MC 23192	Lithic		sample
		MC 23193	Shell		sample

8049	Str. XVC

	Uneven, compacted surface of yellowish bricky material and clay, covered 
	by a thin ash lens. Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West 
	balk (to wall 8043) and 1.6 m. from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top 
	levels 478.55 m. (W), 478.43 m. (E) below debris 8048.1 and above debris 
	8049.1.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. A fragment of a grinding quern 
	and bits of charcoal on surface 8049 may indicate a domestic use. The 
	surface is heavily compacted and varies in thickness from 2 to 4 cm.

		See Section East, North; Plan 8XV C, D, Photo 861; 
		Photo 376, 377, 378

8049.P	Str. XVC

	Pottery and objects on surface 8049. For dimensions see surface 8049 above.

		See Photo 861, 8022A.

		I.8.153  	6/24/83		EB III 
		I.8.155  	6/27/83		EB II 
		MC 14133	Fragment of quern Discard
		I.8.170  	6/30/83		EB  
		I.8.245  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23194	Bone		sample 

8049.1	Str. XVC

	Debris makeup of surface 8049 consisting of highly compacted yellow to 
	gray clay (bricklike) with inclusions of ash and limestone chips which 
	are concentrated along the eastern edge of the surface (along wall 8043). 
	For location and dimensions see 8049 above. At top levels 478.55 m. (W), 
	478.43 m. (E) below surface 8049 to bottom levels 478.50 m. (W), 478.37 m. 
	(E) above surface 8050. 

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.

		See Section East, North.

		I.8.156  	6/27/83		EB 
		MC 14148	Shell		sample
		MC 14149	Bone		sample
		MC 14150	Lithic		sample
		MC 14151	Fish Vertebra	sample
		I.8.157  	6/27/83		EB II 
		MC 14153	Lithic		sample
		MC 14176	Shell		sample
		MC 14177	Bone		sample
		I.8.171  	6/30/83		EB 
		MC 23025	Lithic		sample
		I.8.246  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23195	Lithic		sample
		MC 23196	Bone		sample 
		I.8.247  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23200	Lithic		sample
		MC 23201	Bone		sample 
               
8050	Str. XVD

	Surface of heavily compacted yellowish brick-like material covered by a 
	thin layer of ash. The surface is very compact but not plastered. Located 
	between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk (to wall 8043) and 1.6 m. 
	from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top levels 478.37 m. (E), 478.50 m. 
	(W) below debris 8049.1 and above debris 8050.1.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and to tower 8022.

		See Section East, North; Plan 8XV C, D.

8050.1	Str. XVD

	Fill for construction of surface 8050 consisting of yellowish clay with 
	flecks of charcoal, limestone chips and cobble on bedrock 8054. For location  
	and dimensions see surface 8050 above. At top levels 478.50 m. (W), 478.37 m. 
	(E) below surface 8059 to bottom levels 478.15 m. (E), 478.24 m. (W) above 
	fill 8053.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.

		See Section East, North.

		I.8.160  	6/28/83		EB II
		MC 23001	Lithics		sample
		MC 23002	Shell		sample
		I.8.248  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23204	Lithic		sample 
		MC 23205	Bone		sample 

8051	Str. XVD

	Small unlined pit cut into surface 8050. Located between 28 cm. and 62 cm. 
	from the North balk and between 46 cm. and 82 cm. from the East balk at 
	top level 478.37 m. below debris 8049.1 to bottom level 478.13 m. above 
	fill 8053. Roughly round in shape and ca. 24 cm. in depth. Contents consisted 
	of fine grey ash with some pottery, lithic, bone, shell, seeds and mudbrick 
	pieces. The contents of this pit suggest that it was a trashpit.

		I.8.158  	6/27/83		EB II 
		MC 14178	Bone		sample
		MC 14179	Lithic		sample
		MC 14180	Bone		sample
		MC 14181	Fish Vertebra	sample
		MC 14182	Soil Sample

8052	Str. XVD

	Firepit cut into surface 8050. Located between 65 cm. and 1.75 m. from the 
	North balk and between 3.75 m. and 4.05 m. from the West balk. At top level 
	478.37 m. below debris 8049.1 to bottom level 478.20 m. above fill 8053. 
	The pit is defined by a very hard burnt brown and red brick-like material 
	resulting from the fires in the pit. Contents consisted of fine white ash 
	and burned brick-like material with some pottery and bone. The pit is elliptical 
	in shape and ca. 17 cm. deep. Sealed by debris 8049.1.

	The ash content and brick-like burnt soil around the pit identify its function 
	as a firepit.

		See Section East

		I.8.162  	6/28/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23007	Soil Sample from Fire Pit 
		I.8.249  	6/28/83		EB 
		MC 23202	Bone		sample 
		MC 23203	Lithic		sample

8053	pre XVD

	Fill of brick-like soil and clay, up to 20% limestone chips, bits 
	of charcoal.  Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk 
	and 1.6 m. from the North balk at top level 478.24 m. below debris 
	8050.1, pits 8051, 8052 to botom levels 478.15 m. (W), 478.02 m. (E) 
	on the bedrock and above lower fills 8055, 8057, 8058.

	Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. Cut by pits 8051, 8052. Served 
	as fill on bedrock for the construction of surface 8050.

		See Sections North, East.

		I.8.161  	6/28/83		EB II 
		MC 23003	Lithic		23003, 23003A
		I.8.163  	6/29/83		EB 
		MC 23009	Shell		sample
		MC 23010	Lithic		sample
		I.8.164  	6/29/83		EB II
		MC 23011	Bone		sample
		MC 23012	Shell		sample
		MC 23013	Fan Scraper-Reused  Obj. 899
		MC 23014	Lithic		sample
		I.8.172  	6/30/83		EB I, EB II
		MC 23026	Lithic		sample
		MC 23027	Shell		sample
		MC 23028	Bone		sample 
		MC 23029	Ballista	Discard Stone Pestle
		I.8.173  	7/1/83		EB
		MC 23030	Lithic		sample
		I.8.176  	7/4/83		EB II 
		MC 23034	Lithic		23034, 23034A
		MC 23035	Bone		sample 
		MC 23036	Part of Blade	Obj. 930
		I.8.250  	7/29/83		EB II
		MC 23206	Lithic		sample

8054

	Bedrock, exposed between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk and 1.6 m. from 
	the North balk. Bedrock was also exposed 75 cm. from the South balk and between 
	3.25 m. and 5 m. from the East balk at level 478.90 m. At levels 477.94 m. (E), 
	478.15 m. (W) below fills 8053, 8055, 8057, 8058, walls 8043, 8047, tower 8022.

	The bedrock slopes up to the west and is marked by natural irregularities and 
	breaks. These irregularities--eroded pockets in the bedrock surface--have been 
	filled with a cobble-plaster mixture for construction of Str. 15 architecture. 
	The bedrock face had been first cleaned of all debris prior to filling of 
	depressions and later construction.

		See Sections West, East, North;  Photos 865, 865A, 947, 955, 955A, 
		8054C, 8054D, 8054E.

8055	Str. Pre XVD

	Fill of 70% cobbles in a matrix of a chalk plaster or mortar set in a 
	depression in the bedrock 8054.  Located between 99 cm. and 1.78 m. from 
	the East balk and between 96 cm. and 1.44 m. from the North balk at top 
	level 478.11 m. below fill 8053 to bottom level 477.91 m. above bedrock 8054.

	Used to level uneven bedrock face in preparation for construction of Str. XV 
	architecture.

		I.8.177  	7/4/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23037	Lithic		sample
		MC 23038	Shell		sample

8056	Str. XVB

	Small half-round pit against wall 8047.  Located between 48 cm. and 69 cm. 
	from the North balk and between 2.66 m. and 2.77 m. from the East balk at 
	top level 478.65 m. below debris 8046.1 to bottom level 478.46 m. above 
	debris 8048.1.

	The pit is sealed by debris 8046.1 and was dug from the level of surface 
	8048, against wall 8047. Contents consisted of dark brown ashy soil with 
	inclusions of limestone, chert, bone, shell, charcoal flecks, land snail 
	and brick pieces. The contents of the pit suggest it was a small trash pit.

		I.8.167  	6/30/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23019	Soil Sample Contents of Pit 

8057	Str. Pre XVD

	Fill of 70% cobbles and a matrix of chalk mortar or plaster in a depression 
	in the bedrock face. Located between ca. 32 cm. and 1.6 m. from the North 
	balk and between 1.82 m. and 3.04 m. from the East balk at top level 478.15 m. 
	below fill 8053, wall 8047, tower 8022 to bottom level 477.95 m. on bedrock 
	8054.

	This fill was set into a shallow depression in the bedrock in order to prepare 
	a smooth and level spot for upper construction of Str. XV architecture.

		I.8.174  	7/1/83		EB  
		MC 23031	Lithic		sample
		I.8.175  	7/1/83		EB 
		MC 23032	Lithic		sample
		MC 23033	Bone		sample 

8058	Str. Pre XVD

	Fill of 70% cobbles, pebbles set in a matrix of chalk mortar or plaster 
	in a depression in bedrock 8054.  Located 1.6 m. from the North balk and 
	between 2.95 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk at top level 478.02 m. below 
	fill 8053 and wall 8043 to bottom level 477.94 m. on the bedrock.  

	This fill was set into a depression in the bedrock in order to level an area 
	for the construction of wall 8043. Runs to the face of wall 8043 at the 
	North balk and to tower 8022.  

		See Sections North, East.

		I.8.178  	7/4/83		NO POTTERY 
		I.8.255  	7/29/83		EB

8059	Str. Pre XVB

	Fill debris for construction of steps 8037/9050, consisting of 
	yellow-brown brick material.  Located 4.0 m. from the North balk and 
	between ca. 3.25 m. and 5.0 m. from the East balk at top level 480.03 m. 
	below steps 8037/9050 to bottom levels 479.20 m. (S), 478.92 m. (N) 
	above surface 8066, wall 8063, fill 8060.

	This fill was set into place above earlier architecture in order to alter 
	the nature of the use of the area by creating steps or ascending path 
	8037/9050. In doing so the in situ bricks on top of wall 8063 were used as 
	one of the steps, as shown in section.

	A whole EB juglet was found in this fill.  Runs to walls 8063, 8047 and 
	tower 8022. 

	As described here includes 9105.

               See sections 8South, 9South, 8West, 9East.

		I.8.179  	7/6/83		EB III 
		MC 23039	Lithics		sample
		MC 23040	Bone		sample 
		MC 23041	Shell		sample
		I.8.180  	7/6/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 23042	Bone		sample 
		MC 23043	Shell		sample
		MC 23044	Lithics		sample
		I.8.181  	7/7/83		CHAL, EB II  
		MC 23045	Bone		sample
		MC 23046	Lithic		sample
		MC 23047	Spindle Whorl	Obj 949
		MC 23048	Bone		sample 
		I.8.182  	7/7/83		EB II
		MC 23051	Shell		sample
		I.8.183  	7/7/83		EB II 
		MC 23049	Lithic		23049, 23049A
		MC 23050	Bone		sample 
		MC 23052	Lithic		sample
		I.8.185  	7/7/83		EB 
		MC 23058	Bone		sample
		MC 23059	Lithic		sample
		I.8.186  	7/8/83		EB II  
		MC 23060	Lithic		sample 
		MC 23062	Bone		sample
		I.8.189  	7/11/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 23064	Bone		sample 
		MC 23065	Lithic		23065, 23065A
		MC 23066	Shell		sample
		I.8.190  	7/11/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 23067	Bone		sample
		MC 23068	Lithic		sample
		I.8.191  	7/12/83		EB II 
		MC 23069	Bone		sample 
		MC 23070	Lithic		sample
		MC 23071	Chert		sample
		MC 23072	Flint Blade 	Obj. 975
		I.8.193  	7/12/83		EB
		MC 23075	Lithic		sample
		I.8.194  	7/12/83		EBIII WHOLE JUGLET
		MC 23085	Soil-From Juglet 
		I.8.196  	7/12/83		EB II  
		MC 23077	Bone		sample 
		MC 23079	Lithic		sample 
		MC 23080	Shell		sample
		MC 23083	Flint Blade	Obj. 983
		MC 23084	Flint Blade	sample
		I.8 198  	7/14/83		EB II 
		MC 23086	Bone		sample 
		MC 23090	Lithic		sample
		MC 23091	Flint Blade	Obj. 992
		MC 23092	Part of Flint Blade Obj. 993
		I.8.204  	7/14/83		EB II 
		MC 23101	Lithic		sample
		MC 23103	Bone		sample 
		I.8.206  	7/18/83		EB II 
		MC 23106	Lithic		sample
		MC 23107	Bone		sample
		I.8.208  	7/18/83		EB II,  EB III
		MC 23109	Bone		sample
		MC 23110	Lithic		sample
		I.8.213  	7/19/83		EB II 
		MC 23116	Bone		sample
		MC 23117	Lithic		sample
		I.8.214  	7/19/83		EB II
		MC 23118	Bone		sample
		MC 23119	Lithic		sample
		MC 23120	Part of Flint Blade Obj. 996
		I.8.215  	7/20/83		EB II 
		MC 23122	Lithic		sample
		MC 23123	Bone		sample
		MC 23124	Part of Blade	23124, 23124A
		MC 23125	Jar Cover	Obj. 1031
		MC 23126	Shell		sample
		I.8.216  	7/20/83		EB II 
		MC 23127	Mother of Pearl	sample Possible Clam
		MC 23128	Bone		sample
		MC 23129	Lithic		23129, 23129A
		MC 23130	Shell		sample
		MC 23139	Flint Blade	Obj. 1052
		I.8.217  	7/21/83		EB II
		MC 23131	Bone		sample 
		MC 23132	Lithic		sample
		MC 23178	worked bone	Obj. 1075
		I.8.230  	7/26/83		EB  
		MC 23160	Shell		sample
		I.9.357  	7/26/83		EB  
		MC 18185	Bone		sample 
		MC 18186	Lithic		sample
		I.9.364  	7/28/83		EB II 
		MC 18199	Bone		sample 
		MC 18249	Lithic		18249, 18249A
		MC 18250	Shell		sample
		I.9.365  	7/28/83		EB II 
		MC 18252	Lithic		18252, 18252A
		MC 18253	Bone		sample 
		I.9.368  	7/29/83		EB II 
		MC 18264	Lithic		sample
		I.9.371  	7/29/83		EB II
		MC 18265	Bone		sample 
		MC 18266	Lithic		sample

8060	Str. Pre XVB

	Deep layered fill along the South balk, consisting of alternating layers 
	of cobbles, ash, cobbles, limestone chips, cobbles on a base of relatively 
	sterile yellow-brown clay. Located (as excavated in the 1983 season) ca. 75 
	cm. from the South balk (to wall 8063) and between ca. 3.25 m. and 5.0 m. 
	from the East balk. At top levels 480.27 m. (E), 479.83 m. (c), 479.80 m. 
	(W) below fill 8059 to bottom levels 479.07 m. (c), 479.09 m. (W) 
	above bedrock 8054.

	The function and full extent of this layered fill cannot be determined with 
	certainty without additional excavation. It is clear, however, that this 
	material was deliberately deposited in discrete layers. This fill was 
	originally excavated layer by layer, but it is now seen to be part of a 
	single fill operation. The deposition of this fill was subsequent to the 
	erection and use of wall 8063 which now functions as a retaining wall for 
	this fill 8060, the layers of the fill reaching the topmost course of bricks 
	on wall 8063. Steps 8037/9050 were then constructed on fill 8060; hence the 
	fill 8060 was a preparatory step for construction of the steps 8037.

	Now includes 8062, 8064, 8065, 8067, 8068, 8069, 9100, 9102, 9103, 9104, 
	9106, 9107, 9108, 9109, which have been canceled.

		I.8.184  	7/7/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 23053	Bone		sample 
		MC 23054	Lithic		sample
		MC 23055	Soil Sample
		MC 23056	Soil Sample
		MC 23057	Shell		sample
		I.8.187  	7/8/83		EB 
		MC 23061	Lithic		sample 
		I.8.188  	7/8/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23063	Lithic		sample
		I.8.192  	7/12/83		EB II
		MC 23073	Lithic		23073 23073A
		MC 23074	Bone		sample
		I.8.195  	7/12/83		EB II 
		MC 23076	Bone		sample
		I.8.197  	7/13/83		EB II
		MC 23078	Lithic		sample
		MC 23081	Bone		sample
		MC 23082	Shell		sample
		I.8.199  	7/14/83		EB II
		MC 23087	Lithic		sample
		MC 23088	Bone		sample 
		MC 23089	Shell		sample
		I.8.200  	7/14/83		EB II
		MC 23093	Bone		sample
		MC 23094	Lithic		sample
		MC 23095	Pounder		Discard
		MC 23096	Shell		sample
		MC 23121	Bone		sample
		I.8.202  	7/14/83		EB II 
		MC 23098	Bone		sample
		MC 23100	Lithic		sample
		I.8.203  	7/14/83		EB II
		MC 23102	Lithic		sample
		MC 23104	Bone		sample 
		I.8.205  	7/18/83		EB II 
		MC 23105	Lithic		sample 
		I.8.207  	7/18/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23108	Lithic		sample
		I.8.209  	7/18/83		NO POTTERY  
		MC 23111	Lithic		sample
		I.9.350  	7/21/83		EB II, EB III
		I.9.351  	7/21/83		EB II 
		I.9.352  	7/22/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 18174	Lithic		sample
		MC 18175	Bone		sample
		I.9.353  	7/22/83		EB II, EB III
		MC 18176	Bone		sample 
		MC 18177	Lithic		sample
		MC 18178    	Blade		Obj. 1053
		I.9.354  	7/22/83		EB II
		MC 18179	Bone		sample  
		MC 18180	Lithic		sample
		MC 18181	Shell		sample
		MC 18184	Sherd w/ potter's mark Obj. 1060  
		I.9.355  	7/22/83		EB II 
		MC 18182	Bone		sample 
		MC 18183	Lithic		sample
		I.9.356  	7/26/83		EB II 
		MC 18187	Lithic		sample
		MC 18188	Bone		sample 
		I.9.359  	7/26/83		EB
		MC 18190	Bone		sample  
		MC 18191	Lithic		sample
		I.9.360  	7/26/83		EB II
		I.9.361  	7/26/83		EB II
		MC 18192	Lithic		sample
		I.9.362  	7/27/83		EB II
		MC 18193	Bone		sample 
		MC 18194	Lithic		sample
		MC 18195	Ostrich Shell	sample 
		I.9.363  	7/27/83		EB II
		MC 18196	Bone		sample 
		MC 18197	Lithic		sample
		MC 18198	Shell		sample
		I.9.366  	7/28/83		NO POTTERY
		MC 18254	Bone		sample 
		MC 18255	Lithic		sample 
		I.9.370  	7/29/83		EB
		MC 18262	Bone		sample  
		MC 18263	Lithic		sample

8061           Canceled; included with 8059.

8062           Canceled; combined with 8060.

8063	Str. XVC-D

	Stone wall with brick superstructure extending from the west face of 
	tower 8022. Wall 8063/9112 is founded on the bedrock and is carefully 
	constructed of two rows of cobble-sized stones with a rubble core. The 
	top row is constructed of flat stones, forming an even surface for the 
	application of bricks. The wall is two rows wide 60 cm.), 2.75 m. long 
	(in the digging area) and 6 courses high (1.05 m., with in situ bricks 
	1.65 m. in height). Located between 3.25 m. and 6.0 m. from the East balk 
	and between 95 cm. and 1.58 m. from the South balk (at West balk line) at 
	top levels 479.60 m. (W), 479.46 m. (c), 479.48 m. (E) below debris fill 
	8059 to foundation level 478.55 m. on bedrock.  

	Abutts tower 8022; fill 8060 runs to its southern face. Surfaces 8066, 
	8071 and fill 8059 run to its northern face. Originally served as a wall 
	of a room next to tower 8022. Later incorporated into the construction 
	of steps 8037.

		See Sections 8West, 9East; Photo 897, 8063A; 955, 
		Plan 8XV C, D.

8064           Canceled; combined with 8060.

8065           Canceled; combined with 8060.

8066	Str. XVC

	Uneven surface of grey-brown beaten earth with a thin layer of ash 
	compacted partially into the surface. Located ca. 2.37 m. from the 
	North balk (at West balk line, to wall 8063) and between 3.30 m. and 
	6.0 m. from the East balk at top levels 478.98 m. (W), 478.98 m. (E), 
	479.06 m. (N) below debris fill 8059 and above debris 8066.1.

	A large quantity of restoreable pottery was found on this surface, 
	including one slipped pot with ledge handles. On the central area of 
	the surface (in the 8/9 balk) was a burned brick, a turtle carapace, 
	3 chert blades, charred olive pits (sample taken for C14 analysis) 
	and worked shell, in addition to the pottery. The materials on the 
	surface suggest a cooking area where the material was trapped in the 
	new building operation when steps 8037 were created.

	Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.  
	
	Includes now 9110, which has been canceled.

		See Section 9East, 8West, 8North; Photos 902, 941, 8006B; Plan 8XV C, D.

8066.P	Str. XVC

	Pottery and material found on surface 8066. For dimensions, description 
	and location see 8066 above.

	Includes now 9110.P which has been canceled.

		I.8.201  	7/14/83		EB II
		MC 23097	Turtle Shell	sample
		MC 23099	Bone		sample
		I.8.211  	7/19/83		EB II
		I.8.218  	7/21/83		EB II,  EB III
		I.8 231  	7/26/83		EB 
		MC 23161	Shell		sample
		I.9.367  	7/28/83		EB II 
		I.9.369  	7/29/83		EB II 
		MC 18256	Bone		sample
		MC 18259	Carbon 14 #1 
		MC 18260	Carbon 14	Sample Special 
		MC 18261	Olive pits	sample
		I.9.372  	7/28/83		EB II

8066.1	Str. XVC

	Debris of surface 8066, consisting of compacted yellow-brown clay with 
	inclusions of ash and charcoal. For location and dimensions see surface 
	8066 above. At top levels 478.98 m. (W), 479.06 m. (N) below surface 8066 
	to bottom level 478.90 m. above surface 8071.

	Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.

		See Section 9East, 8West, 8North.

		I.8.219  	7/21/83		EB II,  EB III 
		MC 23133	Bone		sample 
		MC 23134	Lithic		sample
		I.8.220  	7/21/83		EB II,  EB III 
		MC 23135	Bone		sample
		MC 23136	Lithic		sample
		MC 23137	Shell		sample
		I.8.221  	7/21/83		EB II, EB III
		I.8.223  	7/22/83		EB II, EB III 
		MC 23150	Lithic		sample
		MC 23151	Bone		sample
		I.8.224  	7/22/83		EB II 
		MC 23152	Bone		sample
		MC 23153	Lithic		sample
		I.8.225  	7/22/83		EB II 
		MC 23140	Part of Lithic Blade 23140, 23140A
		MC 23141	Bone		sample
		MC 23142	Lithic		sample
		MC 23143	Shell		sample
		MC 23144	Ballista	Discard
		I.8.226  	7/22/83		EB II 
		MC 23145	Lithic		sample
		I.8.232  	7/26/83		CHAL, EB  
		MC 23164	Bone		sample 
		MC 23165	Lithic		sample
		I.8.236  	7/26/83		EB 
		MC 23172	Bone		sample 
		MC 23173	Lithic		sample

8067           Canceled; combined with 8060.

8068           Canceled; combined with 8060

8069           Canceled; combined with 8060.

8070	Str. Pre XVD

	Cobble and clay mortar or plaster fill set into a depression in the 
	face of the bedrock south of wall 8063. Located 75 cm from the East 
	balk and 1.05 m. from the South balk at top level 479.14 m. below fill 
	8060 to bottom level 478.65 m. above bedrock.

	This material was put in place prior to construction of Str. XV 
	architecture.

		See Section West.

		I.8.210  	7/18/83		NO POTTERY 
		MC 23112	Lithic		sample
		I.8.212  	7/19/83		EB II
		MC 23114	Bone		sample
		MC 23115	Lithic		23115, 23115A

8071	Str. XVD

	Uneven surface of compacted clay located 2.37 m. from the North balk 
	(to wall 8063 at West balk line) and between 3.25 m. and 5.0 m. from 
	the East balk at top level 478.90 m. below debris 8066.1 and above 
	debris 8071.1.

	Runs to walls 8047, 8063 and tower 8022. A limited amount of pottery and 
	material on surface 8071.  

		See Sections 8North, 8West, 9East; Plan 8XV C, D.

8071.P	Str. XVD

	Pottery on surface 8071. For location and dimensions see surface 8071 above.

		I.8.222  	7/21/83		EB II
		I.8.234  	7/26/83		EB 
		I.8.252  	7/27/83		NO POTTERY
		MC 23181	Bone		sample 

8071.1	Str. XVD

	Debris of surface 8071, consisting of compacted clay and cobble-sized 
	stones. For location and dimensions see surface 8071 above. At top level 
	478.90 m. below surface 8071 to bottom level 478.75 m. above fill 8072.

	Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.

		See Sections West, North.

		I.8.228  	7/25/83		EB
		MC 23149	Lithic		sample
		MC 23154	Bone		sample
		MC 23155	Shell		sample
		MC 23156	Dibble Weight	Obj. 1059
		I.8.233  	7/26/83		EB 
		MC 23166	Lithic		sample
		MC 23169	Bone		sample 
		I.8.235  	7/26/83		EB II
		MC 23170	Bone		sample 
		MC 23171	Lithic		sample
		I.8.240  	7/27/83		EB II 
		MC 23177	Lithic		sample
		I.8.251  	7/27/83		EB 
		MC 23179	Bone		sample 
		MC 23180	Lithic		sample

8072	Str. Pre XVD

	Clay and cobblestone fill in a depression on the bedrock, north of 
	wall 8063. Located 2.35 m. from the North balk (at the West balk line) 
	and between 3.75 m. and 5.0 m. from the East balk at top level 
	478.75 m. below debris 8071.1 to bottom level 478.50 m. (S), 478.62 m. 
	(N) on bedrock.

	This fill is similar to fills east of wall 8047 and south of wall 8063. 
	Set in place in preparation for construction of Str. 15.

		See Sections 8North, 8West, 9East.

		I.8.227  	7/25/83		EB
		MC 23146	Lithic		sample
		MC 23147	Shell		sample
		MC 23148	Bone		sample
		I.8.229  	7/25/83		EB II
		MC 23157	Lithic		23157, 23157A
		MC 23158	Bone		sample
		MC 23159	Shell		sample 
		I.8.237  	7/26/83		EB 
		I.8.238  	7/26/83		EB II
		MC 23174	Lithic		sample
		MC 23175	Shell		sample
		I.8.239  	7/26/83		EB
		MC 23176	Lithic		sample
		I.8.253  	7/27/83		EB II
		MC 23184	Bone		sample
		MC 23185	Lithic		sample
		MC 23186	Bone		sample
		I.8.254  	7/28/83		EB 
		MC 23189	Bone		sample
		MC 23190	Lithic		sample

8073		Canceled; included with 8071.

8073.P		Canceled; combined with 8071.P
            
8073.1		Canceled; combined with 8071.1.

8074		Canceled; combined with 8072.

8075		Canceled; combined with 8072.

9100		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9101		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9102		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9103		Canceled; combined with 8060.
       
9104		Canceled; combined with 8060.
       
9105		Canceled; combined with 8059.

9106		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9107		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9108		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9109		Canceled; combined with 8060.

9110		Canceled; combined with 8066.

9110.P		Canceled; combined with 8066.P

9111	Str. Post XVC

	Collapse or fill on north side of wall 8063, consisting of yellow-brown 
	soil with boulder-sized stones, too large to have been from wall 8063. 
	The stones were found lying on broken pottery on surface 8066. Located 
	between 1.20 m. and 1.70 m. from the South balk and between 5.75 m. and 
	6.0 m. from the East balk of Ara 8 (in Area 9) at top level 479.39 m. 
	below fill 8059 to bottom level 479.18 m. above surface 8066.

		I.9.373  	7/29/83		EB II
		MC 18267	Bone		sample

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