Locus Summary Area 8
Locus Stratum Description/Artifacts
8001 Str. I
Te11 debris of yellow-brown soil, fairly compacted at places, containing
large quantities of brick detritus, pebbles, cobbles and boulder sized stones
along with evenly distributed sherds, ash, bones. Located over the entire
area at top levels 484.OO m. (W), 483.38 m. (center), 482.92 m.
(E) to bottom levels 482.57 m. (W), 482.45 m. (c), 482.37 m. (E) above walls
8005, 8011 and surfaces 8006; 8029. This locus slopes steeply down to the
east and shows tip lines in the North and South balks.
Includes 8002, 8003, 8004, which have been canceled.
I.8.1 6/25/76 no pottery
I.8.2 6/29/76 EB, Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
I.8.3 6/29/76 Iron II NS
I.8.4 6/29/76 Iron II, Hell, Rom NS
I.8.5 6/30/76 EB, MB early Iron II 9-8th NS
I.8.6 6/30/76 EB, LB, Iron I, Iron II, Byz NS
MC 40 tooth sample
I.8.7 6/30/76 EB, Iron II 9-7th, Hell, Rom NS,
I.8.8 6/30/76 MB II, Iron II, 1 Rom/Byz
MC 15 flint discard
I.8.9 6/30/76 EB, Iron I, Iron_II NS
I.8.10 6/30/76 EB, MB I, Iron II NS
I.8.11 7/1/76 EB, LB II, Iron II, Hell, Rom/Byz NS
I.8.12 7/1/76 MB II, Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
I.8.13 7/1/76 EB, LB II, Iron II NS
I.8.14 7/1/76 EB, LB, Iron II, Hell? NS
I.8.15 7/1/76 EB, Iron I, Iron II NS
I.8.16 7/2/76 EB, MB, LB, Iron II NS
MC 438 incised sherd Obj. 29
MC sherd with applique Obj. 35
MC 55 grinding stone discard
MC 63 bone sample
I.8.17 7/2/76 UD NS
MC 56 bone sample
I.8.18 7/2/76 EB, LB NS
MC 53 flint sample
I.8.19 7/2/76 EB, MB, Iron II UD NS
I.8.20 7/2/76 EB, Iron II NS
I.8.21 7/5/76 EB, Iron II, 2 terra sigilata NS
I.8.22 7/5/76 EB, MB I, II, LB, 1 Iron II
MC 69 inscribed sherd Obj. 7
MC 70 shell sample
MC 67 bone sample
I.8.23 7/5/76 EB, MB, Iron I, Per NS
MC 64 ballista discard
MC 66 bone sample
I.8.24 7/5/76 Iron II UD NS
I.8.25 7/5/76 EB, MB, LB NS
MC 68 lithic sample
MC 65 bone sample
MC 71 shell sample
I.8.46 7/9/76 Rom/Byz UD NS
I.8.48 7/11/76 Iron II UD NS
I.8.84 7/21/76 Iron II, Rom/Byz NS
I.8.85 7/22/76 EB, Iron II, Hell
MC 1132 bone sample
I.8.86 7/22/76 EB, Iron II NS
I.8.87 7/23/76 EB, Iron I, Hell/Rom NS
I.8.92 7/23/76 EB NS
I.8.96 7/25/76 EB, Iron UD NS
MC 1187 bone sample
MC 1182 shell sample
MC 1198 lithic sample
MC 309 incised sherd Obj. 19
I.8.147 7/26/79 no pottery
MC 9002 iron bracelet Obj. 512
8002 Canceled; combined with 8001
8003 Canceled; combined with 8001
8004 Canceled; combined with 8001
8005 Str. VI/V
Wall in the northern half of Area 8 running SW to NE. It was constructed
of small boulder sized fieldstones, two rows wide and one course high. The wall
was dry laid with chinking stones. Apparently it was built in conformity with the
slope of the tell since the founding levels are lower on the NE
end of the wall. Located 3.30 m. from the East balk and between 1.22 m.
and 1.90 m. from the North balk at its western end and between
26 cm. and 1.04 m. from the North balk at the East balk line. At top
levels 482.88 m. (W), 482.57 m. (center) and 482.42 m. (E) below
8OO1 to 482.55 m. (W), 482.34 m. (center) 482.21 m. (E) above
preparation material 8019.
Surface 8006 runs to wall 8005 from the south and surface 8029 runs
to it from the North. This wall is contemporary with wall 8011.
See Plan 6; Section East; Photo 56, 57.
I.8.49 7/12/76 UD NS
MC 328 bone sample
MC 337 lithic sample
8006 Str. VI/V
Broken and uneven surface distinguished from debris 8OO1 above it by a
layer of ash between walls 8005 and 8011. It was a yellow-brown
to gray-brown color with several boulder sized stones protruding
in the eastern section of the area. It extends from the West balk
to the East balk, between walls 80ll in the south and 8005 in the
north (approximately between 10 and 35 cm. to 2.00 m. and 2.55 m.
from the South balk). The surface has been cut by pit 8009 in the
SW corner and is very uneven and broken along the East balk. At
top levels 482.94 m. (W), 482.68 m. (center), 482.52 m. (E) below
8001 above 8006.1.
This surface runs to walls 8005, 80ll and installation, 8008 was
built on this surface. Pit 8009 cut the surface in the SW corner.
The unevenness of the surface is to be explained by the fact that
this surface was originally built across different materials. In the
east sector of the area it was built over rubble fill in a trench;
in the south sector of the area it was built across the top of the
earlier EB tower 8022. Erosion and surface robbing have also helped
to destroy the surface. Its slope down to the east indicates that
it was probably not an interior floor.
See Sections East, West; Plan 6; Photo 57.
8006.1 Str. VI/V
Debris of surface 8006 consisting of yellow-brown to gray-brown matrix
with pebble to cobble sized stones, bone, ash, sherds. For location and
dimensions see 8006 above. The debris was compact along walls 8005 and
80ll but was much less compact along the East balk. At top levels 482.94 m.
(W), 482.68 (center), 482.52 m. (E) below 8006 to bottom levels 482.18 m. (E),
482.43 m. (center), 482.55 m. (W) above tower 8O22, debris 8026, 8021,
debris 8031 in NW, 8030 and 8023 in SE.
Now includes 8007, 8013, and 80l4 which have been canceled.
I.8.26 7/5/76 EB, Iron II UD NS
MC 115 bone sample
I.8.27 7/5/76 EB, MB II, Iron II
MC 114 bone sample
I.8.28 7/6/76 EB I-II, MB IIA, MB IIC
MC 222 flints sample
MC 127 flint blade Obj. 8
MC 118 bone sample
MC 125 ballista Obj. 5
I.8.35 7/7/76 EB, 1 Rom (intrusive) NS
MC 147 bone sample
MC 151 flint lithic
I.8.36 7/7/76 EB, MB IIC/LB I, 1 Iron II
MC 146 bone sample
MC 154 lithic sample
I.8.37 7/7/76 EB I-II, MB IIA, LB Iron II
MC 150 bone sample
MC 183 Ceramic animal horn Obj. 14, Obj. 14A
I.8.38 7/7/76 EB, MB IIA/B
I.8.40 7/7/76 EB II, MB IIA, LB II
MC 152 lithic sample
I.8.45 7/8/76 EB, LB I, Iron bodies NS
MC 224 lithic sample
MC 223 bone sample
I.8.47 7/9/76 EB, MB UD NS
MC 252 bone sample
MC 245 lithic sample
I.8.52 7/12/76 EB, Iron II NS
8007 Canceled; combined with 8006.1
8008 Str. VI/V
Installation consisting of a flat boulder sized stone set onto
smaller cobbles on surface 8006. Possibly a preparation
area/table. It measured roughly 40 cm. by 30 cm. and stood
20 cm. high. Located between 15 cm. and 57 cm. from the
South balk and between 1.60 m. and 2.10 m. from the West
balk. At top level 482.96 m. below 8001 to 482.17 m. above
surface 8006.
This installation was on surface 8006, was thus used with this
surface.
See Plan 6.
I.8.30 7/6/76 EB, MB II UD NS
MC 124 lithic sample
8009 Str. I
Pit in the SW corner of the area, filled with fine, ashy
brown silt with inclusions of bones, sherds, flints. Located at its
greatest extent 2.75 m. from the South balk and 2.50 m. from the West
balk. Dug from top level 482.66 m. below 8001 to 481.55 m. above debris
8036. (In the South balk can be seen already at top level 483.48 m.)
This pit cut through surface 8006, debris 8006.1 and into
debris 8036. It also cut into tower 8022 on its western side.
See Sections South, West.
I.8.31 7/6/76 EB, MB II, 1 possible later
MC 120 bone sample
I.8.32 7/6/76 EB I, MB II
MC 119 bone sample
MC 123 lithic sample
I.8.34A 7/7/76 EB I, EB III, MB II?
I.8.39 7/7/76 EB, MB IIA/B
MC 153 lithic sample
MC 156 shell sample
I.8.41 7/8/76 EB I, II, Iron II
MC 214 bone sample
MC 221 lithic sample
MC 217 shell sample
I.8.41A 7/8/76 EB I-II, MB IIA
MC 307 half spindle whorl Obj 17
I.8.43 7/8/76 EB, LB
8010 Str. XIV
Wall in the SW sector of the area, constructed of cobble and small boulder
sized stones. The exposed extent is 1.75 m. long and 35 cm. wide (three
courses high, two rows wide). At top level 482.41 m., 482.42 m.,
482.46 m. below 8OO9 to 481.88 m. above debris 8036. Located 35 cm. from
the West balk (at the South balk) and 1.75 m. from the South balk (at the
West balk). This wall corners with wall 8O18 just beyond the West balk line.
In situ bricks were seen on top of this wall in the West balk. Pit 8009 cut
down along the east face of wall 8010. A foundation trench for this wall,
founding it in the earlier debris 8036, was seen in both Sections S and W.
See Sections South, West; Plan 17; Photo 1O5, 163, 164, 208
8011 Str. VI/V
Wall along and in the South balk, constructed of boulder sized field stones,
dry laid, 2-3 courses high, one (possibly 2) row wide. It was exposed for a
length of 1.58 m., a height of 53 cm, A width of 42 cm. Located 40 cm.
from the South balk and between 75 cm. and 2.65 m. from the East balk. At
top levels 482.68 m. (E), 482.97 m., 482.64 m. (W) below 8001 to founding
levels 482.41 m. (E), 482.47 m., 482.48 m. (W) above both preparation material
8016 and tower 8022. A piece of a saddle quern (see Obj. 64) was on top of
this wall in the balk.
The eastern end of this wall was robbed out in a trenching operation visible
in the South balks of Areas 8 and 7. The wall originally extended over the
trench and its backfill represented by debris 8032 and 8034.
Surface 8006 ran to this wall from the north.
See Section South; Plan 6; Photo 8011.
I.8.50 7/12/76 no pottery
MC 338 bone sample
MC 335 lithic sample
MC 1335 quern Obj. 64
8012 Canceled; combined with 8006
8013 Canceled; combined with 8006.1
8014 Canceled; combined with 8006.1
8015 Canceled; combined with 8019
8016 Str. VI/V
Preparation material for the construction of wall 8011. An orange-brown clay,
heavily compacted. Found between 53 cm. and 1.76 m. from the East balk and 42
cm. from. the South balk. At top level 482.48 m. below 8011 to 482.40 m. above
tower 8022.
This locus was cut at its eastern end by late pitting seen in the South
balks of Areas 8 and 7. This material is parallel to 8019 under wall 8005.
See Section South.
I.8.53 7/12/76 UD NS
8017 Canceled; combined with 8019
8018 Str. XIII-XIV
Wa11 in NW sector of the area, built of boulder sized field stones,
dry laid 2-3 rows wide, 2-3 courses high. It is 1.30 m. long,
80 cm. wide, 40-50 cm. high. Located between 95 cm. and 1.85 m.
from the North balk at the West balk line; from the West balk it
extends 2.40 m. where it was cut by a robber trench. At the East
balk its remaining stub left by the trenching is located 25 cm.
from the East balk and between 7 cm. and 51 cm. from the North balk.
At top levels 482.01 m. (W), 481.73 m., 481.86 m. (E), 481.68 m. at
the East balk below 8031 and 8021 and above 8036. At the East balk
the remaining stub of wall 8018 is above debris 8036, having been
founded directly in this destruction debris; at the East balk the
wall stub is below 8006.1 and 8001.
This wall has been cut by a deep trenching operation seen in the
North balk. Wall 8010 corners with wall 8O18 in the 9/8 balk. Surface
8038 (only observed in the West and North balks) runs to this wall from the
NW. Wall 8018 is also founded directly in destruction debris 8036; the
foundation trench was observed in the West balk. Same as 9041.
See Sections West, East; Plan 17; Photo 105, 163, 164, 208, 268, 300.
I.8.121 7/13/77 EB III
MC 2451 potter's mark Obj. 217
MC 2461 bone sample
MC 2463 flint sample
I.8.122 7/14/77 EB II
MC 2460 bone sample
I.9.134 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 2981 flint sample
MC 2982 bone sample
8019 Str. VI/V
Preparation material of orange-brown and yellow-brown compacted clay
set down for the purpose of leveling for the construction of wall 8005.
Located between 75 cm. and 4.00 m. from the West balk and between
approximately l.00 a. and 1.75 m. from the North balk (at a point 1.50 m.
from the West balk); at the East balk it is between 60 cm. and 1.20 m. from
the North balk. At top levels 482.55 m. (W) and 482.21 m. (E) below 8005 to
bottom level 481.97 m. above 8021.
Now includes 8015, 8017, which have been canceled.
See Section East.
I.8.51 7/12/76 EB I, III
MC 324 bone sample
MC 333 flint sample
I.8.54 7/12/76 EB I, III
MC 326 bone sample
MC 331 lithic sample
MC 350 shell sample
I.8.55 7/12/76 EB, MB IIC
MC 330 bone saample
MC 336 flint sample
MC 437 spindle whorl Obj. 24, Photo
I.8.56 7/12/76 EB I-III
MC 332 lithic sample
MC 325 bone sample
MC 434 lithic sample
I.8.57 7/13/76 EB I-III
MC 361 bone sample
MC 370 lithic sample
I.8.58 7/13/76 EB I-III
MC 360 bone sample
MC 372 lithic sample
I.8.59 7/13/76 EB I UD
I.8.60 7/13/76 EB I-III
MC 359 bone sample
MC 369 lithic sample
MC 366 shell sample
I.8.61 7/13/76 EB I-III
MC 365 bone sample
MC 367 lithic sample
8020 Str. pre VI/V
Preparation material for construction of wall 8011, consisting of a thick lens
of yellow-brown and reddish-brown bricky material which appears mainly along the
East balk. Contained cobble sized stones, sherds. Located between 1.10 m. and 2.50
m. from the North balk and 1.35 m. from the East balk. At top level 482.04 m. below
8011 to bottom level 481.83 m. above 8021 and 8030.
See Section East.
I.8.62 7/13/76 EB UD NS
MC 358 bone sample
I.8.69 7/15/76 EB I-III, LB II, Iron II
MC 431 flint sample
MC 435 bone sample
MC 488 bone sample
I.8.70 7/15/76 EB III, Iron UD
I 8.88 7/23/76 EB, Iron II
MC 164 bone sample
8021 Str. pre VI/V
Debris layer of silty brown ash and mud brick detritus which included 5% pebbles,
large quantity of sherds. Located in the center of the area on top of the lower
tower structure 8022, approximately between 1.25 m. and 3.25 m. from the West balk
and between 1.00 n. and 3.25 m. from the North balk. At top levels 482.00 m. (N),
482.46 m. (S) below 8019, 8020, 8006.1 to bottom level 481.60 m. above 8022, L.8027.
This debris runs to the lower courses of wall 8018 and is apparently the churned up
mudbrick and destruction ash from tower 8022 from the foundation trenching for wall
8018. This trench into 8022 is visible in the rounded cut in the northwest corner of
the tower (see plan 19, photo 164). However, the material of this locus cannot easily
be distinguished from the later robber trench in the eastern sector of the area, since
the robber trench cuts across and into the earlier foundation trench as well as into
tower 8022 and its destruction debris 8036.
I.8.63 7/13/76 EB I-III
MC 362 bone sample
MC 368 flint sample
MC 364 shell sample
I.8.64 7/14/76 EB I-III
MC 413 bone sample
MC 415 flint sample
MC 440 incised sherd Obj. 26
I.8.65 7/14/76 EB I-III
MC 409 bone sample
I.8.66 7/14/76 EB I-III
I.8.67 7/14/76 EB I-III
MC 411 bone sample
MC 416 flint sample
I.8.68 7/15/76 EB UD NS
I.8.71 7/15/76 EB II, III
MC 436 bone sample
MC 433 flint sample
MC 439 worked flint Obj. 25, Obj. 25A
I.8.72 7/15/76 EB I-II
8022 Str. XV
Mud brick superstructure to a fortification tower, constructed
on a stone foundation or base. The mudbrick stands 8?9 bricks high
at its presently preserved height (c. 1.20 m. at its point above
stone foundation 8025). The mudbricks in section (see Section South)
exhibit a pattern or construction method: on the stone base was laid
a course of yellowish bricks (c. 25 cm. in height, 30 cm. in width);
a brown course/layer was placed on top (c. 7?10 cm. high); a gray
course/layer was placed on the brown course, but did not extend to
the face of the tower (c. 7?8 c?. high). Next the pattern was repeated,
this time with the inside yellow brick being only 18?20 cm. high.
The mud brick superstructure is located 2.45 m. from the South balk at
its western most point, 2.21 m. from the South balk at the East balk;
from the East balk it is 3.30 m. along the South balk and 3.10 m.
from the East balk at its northern extent. At top levels 482.45 m.
beneath wall 8Oll and preparation material 8016 and debris 8006.1; at
481.27 m. and 481.68 m. beneath robber trench fill 8030 and 8034; at
481.27 m. beneath foundation trench fill 8021. To bottom level 481.28 m.
above foundation wall 8025.
Destruction debris 8036 run up against the mud bricks from the North
and from the West. Destruction debris 8027 also runs to the northern
edge of the superstructure. Wall 8063 abuts it on the West side.
Surfaces 8066 and 8071 run to its west face, north of wall 8063.
Fill 8060 is also against the west face of tower 8022. Surfaces 8046,
8048, 8049 and 8050 run to the North face of tower 8022. Built on bedrock.
See Sections East, South; Plans 19, 22; Photo 105, 163, 164, 208,
861, 865, 897, 947, 955.
8023 Canceled; combined with 8030
8024 Canceled; combined with 8034
8025 Str. XV
The stone foundation for mudbrick superstructure 8022. Constructed of
boulder-sized fieldstone, dry laid, revealed to 6 courses high, 66 cm.
Located 2.45 m. from the South balk at a point 75 cm. from the West balk.
Destruction debris 8036 lies against the western face. Surface 8037 and
8037.1 runs to this wall from the West.
See Section South; Plans 19, 22; Photo 164, 208.
8026 Canceled; combined with 8036
8027 Str. XV
Destruction debris from tower 8022. Debris layer of compacted yellow,
yellow-brown brick detritus mixed with ash and cobbles (and one boulder
sized stone). Located between 92 cm. and 2.98 m. from the West balk and
between wall 8018 (approximately 1.00 m.) and mudbrick superstructure 8022
(approximately 1.70 m.) from the North balk. At top level 481.62 m.
below 8021 to bottom levels 481.20 m., 481.38 m. above 8036.
This debris, which is part of the destruction debris associated with
tower 8022, has been cut by the foundation trench for wall 8018 and by
the robber trench in the eastern part of the area (hence runs to 8034
in the east). Runs also to tower superstructure 8022 and to foundation
wall 8025. It also runs to wall 8018.
To be seen as part of the destruction debris from tower 8022.
I.8.80 7/21/76 EB III
MC l125 bone sample
MC 1123 lithic sample
I.8.81 7/21/76 EB II-III
MC 1126 bone sample
I.8.82 7/21/76 EB II-III
I.8.104 7/26/76 EB III
MC 1270 lithic sample
MC 1268 bone sample
8028 Canceled; combined with 8025
8029 Str. VI/V
Surface of compacted earth, yellow-brown in color. The remaining
portions of the surface along the West and North balks were fairly
even but broken and uneven along the East balk. Located 4.00 m.
from the West balk and approximately 1.00 m. from the North balk.
At top level 482.48 m. below 8001 and above 8029.1. The surface ran
to wall 8005 from the north.
The broken and uneven part of the surface along the East and North
balks can be detected by a line of stones in the sections (see sections
at 482.25 m.).
See Sections North, West, East; Plan 6.
8029.1 pre VI/V
Debris of surface 8029, consisting of loosely compacted yellow-browm soil,
containg pebbles, cobbles, a few boulders and sherds. Located 4.00 m. from
the West balk and approximately 1.00 m. from the North balk. At top level
482.48 below 8029 to bottom level 482.33 m. (E) above 8031, 8032.
Runs to wall 8005 from the north. This surface sealed the trench backfill 8032.
See Sections North, West, East.
I.8.91 7/23/76 EB, Iron II
MC 1165 flint sample
MC 1162 bone sample
8030 Str. pre VI/V
Backfill in a trenching operation across the eastern sector of the area. It
is a large lens of pebbles, cobbles, boulders in a matrix of yellow-brown
clay mixed with some ash. Located in the SE corner 2.00 m. from the South
balk and 50 cm. (along the South balk) and 75 cm. (at a point 2.00 m. from the
South balk) from the East balk. At top level 481.83 m. below 8020 and 8006.1 to
bottom level 481.68 m. (SE) above 8022 and 481.51 above debris 8034.
This locus is a backfill into the trenching across the eastern part of Area 8
(and the western part of area 7), with possibly a deliberate backfill for the
building of walls 8011 and 8005.
Includes 8023 which has been canceled.
See Sections East, South.
I.8.73 7/19/76 EB, Iron II
MC 458 bone sample
I.8.89 7/23/76 Iron II 7/6th
I.8.90 7/23/76 EB, Iron II
I.8.93 7/23/76 EB, Iron II NS
I.8.94 7/25/76 EB III, 1 Iron II
MC 1186 shell sample
I.8.98 7/25/76 EB, Iron II
MC 1190 bone sample
MC 1200 flint sample
8031 Str. pre VI/V
Debris of yellow clay, bricky detritus which contained pebbles
(20%), boulders, few sherds. Lightlv compacted and probably to be
understood as collapse of mudbrick. Located l.OO m. from
the North balk and 1.92 m. from the West balk. At top level 482.47 m.
(W), 482.33 m. (E) below 8029.1 to bottom level 481.74 m. above wall 8018.
This debris has been cut by the robber trench in the eastern sector of
the area; thus it runs to the backfill 8032. It also runs to debris 8021
over wall 8018.
See Sections North, West.
I.8.95 7/25/76 EB, Iron I, Iron II, Pers.
MC 1179 bone sample
MC 1215 lithic sample
MC 1241 lithic sample
MC 1246 ballista Obj. 43
I.8.101 7/26/76 EB, Iron II
MC 1213 lithic sample
MC 1233 bone sample
8032 Str. pre VI/V
Fill in trench, consisting of a mixture of yellowish-brown clay, concentrations
of gray and black ash, large percentage of boulders (20%), cobbles and pebbles
with sherds. Chaotic mixture, interpreted as backfill in a trenching operation
across the eastern sector of the area. Located 1.75 m. from the East balk and
l.00 m. from the North balk. At top level 482.02 below 8029 to 480.97 m. above
debris 8036.
This debris is against both ends of wall 8O18, which was cut by the trenching,
and runs to 8034 from the north.
Includes 8033 which has been canceled.
See Sections North, East.
I.8.97 7/25/76 EB III, one Iron II sherd NS
MC 1212 lithic sample
I.8.99 7/26/76 EB II-III
MC 1231 bone sample
MC 1214 lithic sample
I.8.102 7/26/76 EB II, Iron II
MC 1216 lithic sample
MC 1230 bone sample
I.8.103 7/26/76 EB III
MC 1217 lithic sample
MC 1234 bone sample
I.8.105 7/28/76 EB, Iron II, possibly later
MC 1284 lithic sample
MC 1272 bone sample
8033 Canceled; combined with 8032
8034 Str. pre VI/V
Fill in trench, a lens or heap of pebbles and cobbles along the East balk,
backfill in the robber trench across the east end of the area. Located between
l.OO m. and 3.25 m. from the North balk and 1.00 m. from the East balk. At
top level 481.91 m. below 8030 to bottom level 481.07 m. above 8022 and 8036.
This debris runs to 8032 from the south and to 8021 from the east.
This is still another part of the fill in the robber trench cutting across the
eastern sector of the area.
Includes 8024 which has been canceled.
See Section East.
I.8.74 7/19/76 EB II-III, Iron II NS
MC 460 flint sample
I.8.75 7/19/76 EB I-III, Iron II, Hell
MC 456 bone sample
I.8.lOO 7/26/76 EB, Iron II
MC 1232 bone sample
8035 Canceled; combined with 8031
8036 Str. post XV
Ash deposit inside fortification wall line of Str. XV. Debris locus of
destruction material consisting of alternating lenses of wind and water
borne black ash and yellow to brown brick detritus.
Destruction debris, consisting of alternating striations
of ash and washed brick detritus. Destruction debris associated with
the final use of the Str. XV tower and fortification.
Color: black, dark gray, white, bands and lenses of brown and yellow-brown.
Compacted heavily beneath later phase walls 8010/9049, 8018/9041; lightly
compacted elsewhere. Contained large quantities of sherds, uniformly small, as
if washed into this area.
Located between 1.40 m. and 8.40 m. from the Area 7 East balk (into Area 9,
8.40 m. wide), and 4.0 m. from the Area 9 North balk and 1.80 m. from Area
8 North balk to tower 8022. At top levels 481.80 m (SW), 481.22 m. (NW)
(in Area 9, 9/8), 481.67 m , 481.08 m. (in Area 8) below 8018/9041, 8010/9040,
9045, 8032, 8034, and 7001 to bottom levels 480 69 m. (in Area 7), 479.74 m.
(E), 478.57 m. (C), 478.54 m.(W) (in Area 8), 480.53 m. (S), 479.58 m. (c),
479.11 m. (N) (in Area 9, 9/8) above stairs 9050, wall 8047, surface 8046,
wall 8043, and "guardroom" surface 7013.
This ash was pitted by 8032 and 8034; surfaces 8040/9045, and 9049 were laid
directly on the ash; walls 8018/9041, 8010/9040 were founded in the ash.
In addition this ash lay against the faces of tower 8022, 8025, the faces of
wall 8047, the western face of wall 8043, 7012/8045.
As described here includes 9046 and 8026.
See Sections 9N, 9S, 9E, 9N, 8W, 8S, 8E, 7W, A7W; Photo 8036.
I.8.29 7/6/76 EB I-III
MC 126 shell sample
MC 117 bone sample
MC 247 lithic sample
I.8.33 7/6/76 EB I-III
MC 121 lithic sample
MC 116 bone sample
I.8.34 7/7/76 EB
MC 182 spindle whorl Obj. 13, Photo
MC 149 bone sample
MC 155 lithic sample
MC 181 incised sherd Obj. 12
MC 308 half loom weight Obj. 18, Photo
I.8.44 7/8/76 EB (?)
MC 215 bone sample
I.8.76 7/19/76 EB III
MC 459 bone sample
MC 461 lithic sample
MC 457 shell sample
MC 483 lithic sample
I.8.77 7/20/76 EB II-III
MC 487 bone sample
MC 481 lithic sample
MC 490 incised sherd Obj. 36
I.8.78 7/20/76 EB II-III
MC 486 bone sample
MC 488 shell sample
MC 498 lithic sample
I.8.79 7/20/76 EB II-III
MC 482 lithic sample
MC 484 bone sample
I.8.83 7/21/76 EB III
MC 1127 thermoluminescence sample 1
I.8.106 7/28/76 EB II-III
MC 1270 bone sample
MC 1281 lithic sample
MC 1273 shell sample
MC 1287 ceramic figurine Obj. 60
I.8.107 7/28/76 EB II, III
MC 1271 bone sample
MC 1285 lithic sample
I.8.108 7/28/76 EB II-III
MC 1269 bone sample
MC 1283 lithic sample
I.8.109 7/29/76 EB II, III
MC 1306 bone sample
MC 1293 lithic sample
I.8.111 7/29/76 EB II, III
MC 1301 bone sample
MC 1298 lithic sample
MC 1325 incised sherd Obj. 56
I.8.112 7/29/76 EB II, III
MC 1326 incised sherd Obj. 53
MC 1327 incised sherd Obj. 54
MC 1297 lithic sample
MC 1300 bone sample
I.8.113 7/30/76 EB II, III
MC 1324 flint sample
MC 1323 bone sample
MC 1328 incised sherd Obj. 57
MC 1314 flint blade Obj. 58, Obj. 58A
I.8/7.114 7/7/77 EB II/III
MC 2243 bone sample
MC 2244 flint sample
MC 2252 flint blade sample
MC 2050 worked stone discard
MC 2245 lunate flint Obj. 191, Obj. 191A
MC 2250 lithic discard
MC 2254 flint blade Obj. 203, Obj. 203A
I.8/7.115 7/7/77 EB II/III
I.8.116 7/7/77 EB II/III
MC 2290 bone sample
MC 2292 flint sample
I.8/7.117 7/7/77 EB II/III
I.8.118 7/11/77 EB II/III
MC 2307 bone sample
MC 2306 flint sample
MC 2315 flint blade Obj. 190
MC 2316 flint blade Obj. 199, Obj. 199A
MC 2317 flint blade Obj. 200, Obj. 200A
MC 2312 flint blade Obj. 201, Obj. 201A
MC 2313 flint blade Obj. 202, Obj. 202A
MC 2314 flint blade Obj. 189, Obj. 189A
MC 2308 grinding stone discard
MC 2305 seed sample
I.8.119 7/11/77 EB II/III
MC 2422 potter's mark Obj. 212
I.8.120 7/11/77 EB II/III
MC 2336 bone sample
MC 2337 flint sample
I.8.125 7/14/77 EB II/III
MC 2603 bone sample
MC 2604 flint sample
MC 2610 flint blade Obj. 215, Obj. 215A
I.8.126 7/14/77 EB II/III
I.8.127 7/14/77 EB II/III
I.8.128 7/15/77 EB II/III
MC 2615 flint sample
MC 2616 bone sample
MC 2617 animal figurine Obj. 229
I.8.132 7/15/77 EB II/III
MC 2656 flint sample
MC 2652 flint blade Obj. 224, Obj. 224A
I.8.133 7/15/77 EB II/III
MC 2648 flint Sample
MC 2653 bone Sample
MC 2651 flint blade Obj. 218, Obj. 218A
MC 2654 flint blade Obj. 220, Obj. 220A
MC 2649 flint blade Obj. 223, Obj. 223A
MC 2717 marked sherd Obj. 237
MC 2718 marked sherd Obj. 231
I.8.134 7/15/77 EB II/III
I.8.135 7/15/77 EB II/III
I.8.136 7/18/77 EB II/III
MC 2684 bone Sample
MC 2685 flint 2685-1, 2685-1A
2685-2, 2685A-2
2685-3, 2685-3A
2685-4, 2685-4A
MC 2687 turquoise? sample
MC 2688 flint blade Obj. 221, Obj. 221A
MC 2689 flint blade Obj. 222
I.8.137 7/18/77 EB II/III 1 Khirbet Kerak
MC 2646 bone Sample
MC 2713 flint Sample
MC 2712 spindle whorl Obj. 240
MC 2710 quern frag discard
MC 2714 3 flint blades Obj. 234, Obj. 234A
MC 2709 flint blade Sample
MC 2723 flint blade Obj. 249
MC 2722 flint blade Obj. 247
MC 2721 flint scraper Obj. 250, Obj. 250A
I.8.138 7/18/77 EB II/III
MC 2711 bone needle Obj. 242
MC 2845 spindle whorl Obj. 259, Photo
I.8.139 7/19/77 EB II/III Khirbet Kerak?
MC 2748 bone Sample
MC 2747 flint Sample
MC 2752 spindle whorl Obj. 236
MC 2755 flint blade Obj. 248
MC 2757 flint blade Sample
MC 2759 flint blade Sample
MC 2758 flint blade Sample
MC 2756 flint blade Obj. 244, Obj. 244A
MC 2753 flint blade Sample
MC 2842 spindle whorl Obj. 256, photo
MC 2844 potter's mark Obj. 258
I.8.140 7/19/77 EB II/III Khirbet Kerak?
MC 2841 stone spindle whorl Obj. 255, Photo
MC 2782 bone Sample
MC 2783 flint Sample
MC 2784 flint blade Obj. 272, Obj. 272A
MC 2793 flint blade Obj. 270, Obj. 270A
MC 2787 flint blade Obj. 271, Obj. 271A
MC 2788 flint blade Sample
MC 2792 flint blade Obj. 274, Obj. 274A
MC 2786 flint blade Sample
MC 2785 flint blade Obj. 273, Obj. 273A
I.8.141 7/19/77 EB II/III
I.8.142 7/19/77 EB II/III
I.8.143 7/20/77 EB II/III
I.8.144 7/20/77 EB II/III
MC 2944 flint sample
MC 2943 bone sample
MC 2830 bone needle Obj. 257
I.8/7.145 7/26/77 EB II/III
MC 4068 half spindle whorl Obj. 313, Photo
MC 4069 half spindle whorl Obj. 314, Photo
MC 4140 bone sample
MC 4141 half spindle whorl Obj. 323, Photo
MC 4137 flint sample
I.8/7.145A 7/26/77 EB II/III
I.9/8.126 7/21/77 EB II/III
MC 2899 bone sample
MC 2900 flint 2900-1, 2900-1A
2900-2, 2900-2A
2900-3, 2900-3A
2900-4, 2900-4A
2900-5, 2900-5A
MC 2950 flint blade Obj. 268
MC 2951 flint blade Obj. 269
MC 2952 flint blade sample
MC 2454 flint blade sample
I.9/8.128 7/21/77 EB II/III
I.9.130 7/21/77 EB II/III
MC 2941 bone sample
MC 2942 flint sample
MC 2949 spindle whorl Obj. 260
MC 2948 stone discard
MC 2953 flint blade sample
I.9/8.136 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 2983 bone sample
MC 2979 flint sample
MC 2977 flint blade Obj. 297
MC 2984 ballista Obj. 284
MC 2976 carnelian bead Obj. 285
I.9/8.137 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 3046 lithic Obj. 293, Obj. 293A
MC 3050 bone sample
MC 3052 flint 3052-1, 3052-1A
3052-2, 3052-2A
I.9/8.138 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 4160 potter's mark Obj. 324
MC 3047 flint blades Obj. 298
I.9/8.139 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 4003 animal figurine Obj.309
I.9/8.140 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 4002 male(human?)figurine Obj.291
I.9/8.141 7/24/77 EB II/III
MC 3089 bone sample
MC 3090 flint sample
MC 3087 flint blade Obj. 294
MC 3092 worked stone discard
I.9.142 7/24/77 EB II/III
MC 3091 bone sample
MC 3093 flint sample
MC 4010 grinding stone frag discard
MC 3088 flint blade Obj. 296
I.9.143 7/24/77 EB II/III
I.9.144 7/24/77 EB II/III
MC 4011 bone sample
MC 4012 flint sample
MC 4013 flint blade sample
I.9.145 7/25/77 EB II/III
MC 4089 bone sample
MC 4087 flint sample
MC 4088 lithics 4088-1, 4088-1A
4088-2
4088-3, 4088-3A
MC 4090 flint blade Obj. 315
MC 4091 wadi pebble discard
I.9.147 7/25/77 EB II/III
I.9.148 7/25/77 EB II/III
MC 4088 flint sample
I.9.149 7/26/77 EB II/III
MC 4112 bone sample
MC 4110 flint sample
MC 4108 flint blade 0bj. 319
I.9.150 7/26/77 EB II/III
I.9/8.151 7/27/77 EB II/III
MC 4153 bone sample
MC 4155 flint sample
MC 4151 flint blade Obj. 317
MC 4136 flint blade Obj. 318, Obj. 318A
I.9/8.152 7/27/77 EB II/III
I.9/8.153 7/27/77 EB II/III
MC 4159 bone sample
MC 4161 flint sample
8037 Str. XVA
Steps of hard packed clay, yellow-brown in color. As exposed in Areas
8 and 9 there were six irregularly built steps next to tower 8022 and
retaining wall 8047. Appears to have been built over a cobble base, as
seen in an ancient cut or pit into the top exposed step.
The steps are fairly even, with sloping "risers" from one step to the
next higher step. The width of each step varies from the eastern to the
western extent, narrower at one end than at the other. Located 4.0 m.
from the North balks of Areas 9, 9/8, 8, and approximately between 3.25
and 6 m. from the East balk of Area 8 (c. 2.75 m. wide at present exposure).
At top levels 480.53 m. (S.), 480.21 m., 479.79 m., 479.58 m., 479.36 m.,
479.11 m. (N) below 8036/9046.
These steps were built against the western faces of tower 8022 and wall 8047.
As described here includes 9050.
See Sections 9South, 8South, 8West, 9East, 9North, 8North; Plan 87;
Photo 376, 377, 378
8037.1 Str. XVA
Debris of surface/steps 8037.
I.8.110 7/29/76 EB II, III
MC 1295 flint sample
MC 1309 bone sample
8038 Canceled; combined with 8031
8039 Str. pre XIV
Debris under wall 8018/9041, consisting of compacted ash, light gray
to black in color. To be identified with 8036/9046, since wall 8018 was
founded in this destruction ash. Located betweem 3.0 m. and 5.90 m. from
the West balk of Area 9, and between 60 cm. and 1.85 m. from the North
balk of Area 8 and between 1.40 m. and 2.45 m. from the North balk of
Area 9. At top levels 481.08 m. (E), 481.42 m. (W) below wall 8018/9041
to 481.00 m. (E), 481.35 m. (W) above 8036/9046.
Includes now 9048 as described here.
I.8.123 7/14/77 EB II/III
MC 2608 flint sample
MC 2609 bone sample
MC 2611 stone discard
I.9.135 7/22/77 EB II/III
8040 Str. XIVA
Surface of heavily compacted, fine yellow-brown clay virtually free of stones
and sherds. A few red-brown bricks were encountered in the clay matrix. This
is a deliberately and carefully prepared surface, probably to seal the black
destruction ash below from the interior of a well-built room or building.
At approximately 2.50 m. from the West balk of Area 8 this surface was interrupted
by pit 8032.
The surface was located between 3.0 m. and 6.50 m. from the West balk of Area 9,
and between 60 cm. and 1.O m. from the North balk of Area 8 and 1.40 m. from the
North balk of Area 9. At top levels 481.45 m (E), 481.79 m. (W) below 8031, 9036,
9042 and above 8040.1.
This surface runs to wall 8018/9041 from the north; pit 8032 cuts this surface in
the east. As described here includes 9044.
See Sections 9East, 9North, 8West, 8North; Plan 81.
8040.1 Str. XIVA
Debris of surface 8040/9044. For location and description see 8040 above.
At top levels 481.45 m. (E), 481.79 m. (W) below surface 8040/9044 to
bottom levels 481.72 m. (W), 481.40 m. (E) above 9045. Contained some ash
and pottery as buildup, but consisted almost entirely of heavily compacted
fine clay.
Includes 9044.1.
I.8.124 7/14/77 EB II/III
MC 2606 flint sample
MC 2620 bone sample
MC 2621 flint blade sample
MC 2751 flint sample
I.8.129 7/14/77 EB
I.9.108 7/14/77 EB
MC 2450 bone sample
MC 2455 flint sample
I.9/8.120 7/19/77 EB II/III
MC 2789 bone sample
I.9/8.123 7/19/77 EB
8041 Str. XIVA
Installation consisting of an EB II/III flat-bottomed vessel set into a fine,
wet clay in and below the level of surface 8040. Probably used for the storage
of some material or food. The lining for this vessel was a brown/brown-yellow
granular sized clay which was placed into a cutting through the surface 8040
into ash 8036; the vessel was then pushed into the wet lining to make a tight
fit of the lining around the pot. The top of the vessel had been broken and lost,
probably in the trenching of 8032 or 9036/8031. Located between 9 cm. and 48 cm,
from the North balk and between 1.86 m. and 2.22 m. from the East balk. At top
level 481.10 m. below 8031 to 480.78 m., 480.77 m. above 8036.
The installation was used with surface 8040 and wall 8018.
Photo 321
I.8.130 7/15/77 EB II/III
MC 2650 clay lining sample
MC 2655 flint Sample
MC 2647 bone Sample
8042 pre XIV
Debris beneath wall 8010, consisting of dark black to gray ash, hard
packed. Same as 8036, since wall 8010 was founded in ash 8036. Located
2.10 m. from the South balk and between 3.55 m. and 4.65 m. from the East
balk. At top levels 481.90 m. (S), 481.77 m. (N) below wall 8010/9040
to bottom levels 481.67 m., 481.71 m. above 8036.
Includes 9047.
I.8.131 7/15/77 EB II
I.9.125 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 2839 bone sample
I.9/8.133 7/22/77 EB II/III
MC 2978 bone sample
MC 2980 flint sample
8043 Str. XVA-D
Fortification curtain wall abutting tower base 8022/8025 from
the north. Seen within the 8/7 balk, the inner face of wall
7009/A7008/B7002/C7002. The wall stands at its original height as
the stone sockle for the upper "guardroom" and brick superstructure,
eight courses high (c. 1.90 m.) as presently exposed. In Area 8/7
the wall was approximately 1.80 m. long. At top level 480.41 m. below
7012/8045, surface 7013/8044 to an exposed depth of 478.S0 m. Surface
8046 runs to this wall from the west; debris 8036 lay against the
western face. Abuts tower 8022 from the north. The entire exposed
inner face of this wall had been plastered in antiquity. Wall 8043 was
founded on bedrock.
This is the inner face of the fortification wall of the EB defense
system in Field I. See 7009.
See Section North; Plan 87; Photo 294, 376, 378, 407.
8044 Str. XV
Clay surface of the "guardroom," which is partially in the 8/7 balk.
For description see Area 7 7013.
8045 Str. XV
Plastered mudbrick wall constructed on top of sockle 8044.
Continuation of 7012. For description see 7012.
8046 Str. XVA
Surface of packed earth. Located between ca. 1.0 m. (at wall 8047)
and 4.5 m. from the West balk to wall 8043 and ca. 1.6 m. from the
North balk to tower 8022 at top level 478.75 m. (W), 478.70 m. (E)
below ash 8036 and above debris 8046.1.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.
See Section East.
8046.1 Str. XVA
Debris of surface 8046. For location and dimensions see 8046 above.
Consists of grey to yellow -brown clay of a coarse bricklike texture
with bits of charcoal and ash as well as inclusions of lithics, shell,
bone and pottery. At top levels 478.75 m. (W), 478.70 m. (E) below
surface 8046 to bottom level 478.65 m. (W), 478.60 m. (E) above
surface 8048. Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.
See Section East.
I.8.147 7/26/79 EB NS
MC 8485 lithic sample
I.8.148 6/23/83 EB II
MC 14066 Shell sample
MC 14070 Lithic sample
MC 23005 Part of Ceramic Figurine Obj. 889
I.8.149 6/24/83 EB III
MC 14067 lithics 14067-1, 14067-1A
14067-2, 14067-2A
I.8.150 6/24/83 EB III
MC 14125 Lithic sample
MC 14126 Bone sample
MC 14127 Shell sample
I.8.165 6/29/83 EB III
MC 23015 Shell sample
MC 23016 Lithic sample
MC 23017 Bone sample
I.8.166 6/30/83 EB
MC 23018 Bone sample
MC 23020 Shell sample
MC 23021 Shell sample
I.8.241 7/27/83 EB
MC 23182 Bone sample
MC 23183 Lithic sample
I.8.242 7/27/83 EB
MC 23187 Lithic sample
I.8.243 7/27/83 EB III
8047 Str. XV
Stone wall extending north from the northwest corner of tower 8022. Constructed
of small boulder and cobble sized stones, plastered on both faces and top. Where
the stones have been exposed the wall appears to have been dry laid. The wall was
two rows wide (approximately 50 cm.), 1.75 m. long, 9-10 courses high (c. 1.60 m.
on the eastern face). Located 1.75 m. from the North balk and between 25 cm. and
85 cm. from the West balk. At top levels 480.22 m.(S), 479.82 m. (N.) below 8036
to an exposed depth of 478.54 m.
Steps 8037/9050 were built against the weste face of this wall, the wall serving
as a retaining or support wall for the steps. Surfaces 8046, 8048, 8049 and 8050
run to its east face. Surfaces 8037 (steps), 8066 and 8071 run to its western face.
The wall itself abuts tower 8022. Built on bedrock at foundation level 478.05 m.
This means that wall 8047 is exactly 1.75 m. in height.
See Section North; Plan 87; Photo 376, 377, 378.
8048 Str. XVB
Uneven surface of compacted brick-like material covered with a thin
ash lens. Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk
(to wall 8043) and 1.6 m. from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top
level 478.60 m. (E), 478.65 m. (W) below debris 8046.1 and above debris
8048.1. Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. The limited amount of
pottery recovered and the absence of other kinds of material on the
surface preclude a determination of function.
See Section East, North.
8048.P Str. XVB
Pottery on surface 8048. For location and dimensions see 8048 above.
I.8.152 6/24/83 EB II
I.8.168 6/30/83 EB II
8048.1 Str. XVB
Debris of surface 8048, consisting of yellowish brick-like material
which includes some loosely compacted gray ashy soil buildup. For
location and dimensions see 8048 above. At top levels 478.65 m. (W),
478.60 m. (E) below surface 8048 to bottom levels 478.43 m. (E), 478.55 m.
(W) above surface 8049.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.
See Section East, North.
I.8.151 6/24/83 EB I, EB II
MC 14144 Bone sample
I.8.154 6/24/83 EB II
MC 14131 Bone sample
MC 14132 Shell sample
MC 14145 Lithic 14145, 14145A
MC 14146 Fish vertebra sample
MC 14147 Bitumen Discard
MC 23006 Spindle Whorl Obj. 890
I.8.169 6/30/83 EB II
MC 23022 Lithic sample
MC 23023 Bone sample
MC 23024 Shell sample
I.8.244 7/28/83 EB
MC 23191 Bone sample
MC 23192 Lithic sample
MC 23193 Shell sample
8049 Str. XVC
Uneven, compacted surface of yellowish bricky material and clay, covered
by a thin ash lens. Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West
balk (to wall 8043) and 1.6 m. from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top
levels 478.55 m. (W), 478.43 m. (E) below debris 8048.1 and above debris
8049.1.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. A fragment of a grinding quern
and bits of charcoal on surface 8049 may indicate a domestic use. The
surface is heavily compacted and varies in thickness from 2 to 4 cm.
See Section East, North.
8049.P Str. XVC
Pottery and objects on surface 8049. For dimensions see surface 8049 above.
See Photo 861.
I.8.153 6/24/83 EB III
I.8.155 6/27/83 EB II
MC 14133 Fragment of quern Discard
I.8.170 6/30/83 EB
I.8.245 7/28/83 EB
MC 23194 Bone sample
8049.1 Str. XVC
Debris makeup of surface 8049 consisting of highly compacted yellow to
gray clay (bricklike) with inclusions of ash and limestone chips which
are concentrated along the eastern edge of the surface (along wall 8043).
For location and dimensions see 8049 above. At top levels 478.55 m. (W),
478.43 m. (E) below surface 8049 to bottom levels 478.50 m. (W), 478.37 m.
(E) above surface 8050.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.
See Section East, North.
I.8.156 6/27/83 EB
MC 14148 Shell sample
MC 14149 Bone sample
MC 14150 Lithic sample
MC 14151 Fish Vertebra sample
I.8.157 6/27/83 EB II
MC 14153 Lithic sample
MC 14176 Shell sample
MC 14177 Bone sample
I.8.171 6/30/83 EB
MC 23025 Lithic sample
I.8.246 7/28/83 EB
MC 23195 Lithic sample
MC 23196 Bone sample
I.8.247 7/28/83 EB
MC 23200 Lithic sample
MC 23201 Bone sample
8050 Str. XVD
Surface of heavily compacted yellowish brick-like material covered by a
thin layer of ash. The surface is very compact but not plastered. Located
between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk (to wall 8043) and 1.6 m.
from the North balk (to tower 8022) at top levels 478.37 m. (E), 478.50 m.
(W) below debris 8049.1 and above debris 8050.1.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and to tower 8022.
See Section East, North.
8050.1 Str. XVD
Fill for construction of surface 8050 consisting of yellowish clay with
flecks of charcoal, limestone chips and cobble on bedrock 8054. For location
and dimensions see surface 8050 above. At top levels 478.50 m. (W), 478.37 m.
(E) below surface 8059 to bottom levels 478.15 m. (E), 478.24 m. (W) above
fill 8053.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022.
See Section East, North.
I.8.160 6/28/83 EB II
MC 23001 Lithics sample
MC 23002 Shell sample
I.8.248 7/28/83 EB
MC 23204 Lithic sample
MC 23205 Bone sample
8051 Str. XVD
Small unlined pit cut into surface 8050. Located between 28 cm. and 62 cm.
from the North balk and between 46 cm. and 82 cm. from the East balk at
top level 478.37 m. below debris 8049.1 to bottom level 478.13 m. above
fill 8053. Roughly round in shape and ca. 24 cm. in depth. Contents consisted
of fine grey ash with some pottery, lithic, bone, shell, seeds and mudbrick
pieces. The contents of this pit suggest that it was a trashpit.
I.8.158 6/27/83 EB II
MC 14178 Bone sample
MC 14179 Lithic sample
MC 14180 Bone sample
MC 14181 Fish Vertebra sample
MC 14182 Soil Sample
8052 Str. XVD
Firepit cut into surface 8050. Located between 65 cm. and 1.75 m. from the
North balk and between 3.75 m. and 4.05 m. from the West balk. At top level
478.37 m. below debris 8049.1 to bottom level 478.20 m. above fill 8053.
The pit is defined by a very hard burnt brown and red brick-like material
resulting from the fires in the pit. Contents consisted of fine white ash
and burned brick-like material with some pottery and bone. The pit is elliptical
in shape and ca. 17 cm. deep. Sealed by debris 8049.1.
The ash content and brick-like burnt soil around the pit identify its function
as a firepit.
See Section East
I.8.162 6/28/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23007 Soil Sample from Fire Pit
I.8.249 6/28/83 EB
MC 23202 Bone sample
MC 23203 Lithic sample
8053 pre XVD
Fill of brick-like soil and clay, up to 20% limestone chips, bits
of charcoal. Located between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk
and 1.6 m. from the North balk at top level 478.24 m. below debris
8050.1, pits 8051, 8052 to botom levels 478.15 m. (W), 478.02 m. (E)
on the bedrock and above lower fills 8055, 8057, 8058.
Runs to walls 8043, 8047 and tower 8022. Cut by pits 8051, 8052. Served
as fill on bedrock for the construction of surface 8050.
See Sections North, East.
I.8.161 6/28/83 EB II
MC 23003 Lithic 23003, 23003A
I.8.163 6/29/83 EB
MC 23009 Shell sample
MC 23010 Lithic sample
I.8.164 6/29/83 EB II
MC 23011 Bone sample
MC 23012 Shell sample
MC 23013 Fan Scraper-Reused Obj. 899
MC 23014 Lithic sample
I.8.172 6/30/83 EB I, EB II
MC 23026 Lithic sample
MC 23027 Shell sample
MC 23028 Bone sample
MC 23029 Ballista Discard Stone Pestle
I.8.173 7/1/83 EB
MC 23030 Lithic sample
I.8.176 7/4/83 EB II
MC 23034 Lithic 23034, 23034A
MC 23035 Bone sample
MC 23036 Part of Blade Obj. 930, Obj. 930A
I.8.250 7/29/83 EB II
MC 23206 Lithic sample
8054
Bedrock, exposed between ca. 1.0 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk and 1.6 m. from
the North balk. Bedrock was also exposed 75 cm. from the South balk and between
3.25 m. and 5 m. from the East balk at level 478.90 m. At levels 477.94 m. (E),
478.15 m. (W) below fills 8053, 8055, 8057, 8058, walls 8043, 8047, tower 8022.
The bedrock slopes up to the west and is marked by natural irregularities and
breaks. These irregularities--eroded pockets in the bedrock surface--have been
filled with a cobble-plaster mixture for construction of Str. 15 architecture.
The bedrock face had been first cleaned of all debris prior to filling of
depressions and later construction.
See Sections West, East, North; Photos 865, 947, 955.
8055 Str. Pre XVD
Fill of 70% cobbles in a matrix of a chalk plaster or mortar set in a
depression in the bedrock 8054. Located between 99 cm. and 1.78 m. from
the East balk and between 96 cm. and 1.44 m. from the North balk at top
level 478.11 m. below fill 8053 to bottom level 477.91 m. above bedrock 8054.
Used to level uneven bedrock face in preparation for construction of Str. XV
architecture.
I.8.177 7/4/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23037 Lithic sample
MC 23038 Shell sample
8056 Str. XVB
Small half-round pit against wall 8047. Located between 48 cm. and 69 cm.
from the North balk and between 2.66 m. and 2.77 m. from the East balk at
top level 478.65 m. below debris 8046.1 to bottom level 478.46 m. above
debris 8048.1.
The pit is sealed by debris 8046.1 and was dug from the level of surface
8048, against wall 8047. Contents consisted of dark brown ashy soil with
inclusions of limestone, chert, bone, shell, charcoal flecks, land snail
and brick pieces. The contents of the pit suggest it was a small trash pit.
I.8.167 6/30/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23019 Soil Sample Contents of Pit
8057 Str. Pre XVD
Fill of 70% cobbles and a matrix of chalk mortar or plaster in a depression
in the bedrock face. Located between ca. 32 cm. and 1.6 m. from the North
balk and between 1.82 m. and 3.04 m. from the East balk at top level 478.15 m.
below fill 8053, wall 8047, tower 8022 to bottom level 477.95 m. on bedrock
8054.
This fill was set into a shallow depression in the bedrock in order to prepare
a smooth and level spot for upper construction of Str. XV architecture.
I.8.174 7/1/83 EB
MC 23031 Lithic sample
I.8.175 7/1/83 EB
MC 23032 Lithic sample
MC 23033 Bone sample
8058 Str. Pre XVD
Fill of 70% cobbles, pebbles set in a matrix of chalk mortar or plaster
in a depression in bedrock 8054. Located 1.6 m. from the North balk and
between 2.95 m. and 4.5 m. from the West balk at top level 478.02 m. below
fill 8053 and wall 8043 to bottom level 477.94 m. on the bedrock.
This fill was set into a depression in the bedrock in order to level an area
for the construction of wall 8043. Runs to the face of wall 8043 at the
North balk and to tower 8022.
See Sections North, East.
I.8.178 7/4/83 NO POTTERY
I.8.255 7/29/83 EB
8059 Str. Pre XVB
Fill debris for construction of steps 8037/9050, consisting of
yellow-brown brick material. Located 4.0 m. from the North balk and
between ca. 3.25 m. and 5.0 m. from the East balk at top level 480.03 m.
below steps 8037/9050 to bottom levels 479.20 m. (S), 478.92 m. (N)
above surface 8066, wall 8063, fill 8060.
This fill was set into place above earlier architecture in order to alter
the nature of the use of the area by creating steps or ascending path
8037/9050. In doing so the in situ bricks on top of wall 8063 were used as
one of the steps, as shown in section.
A whole EB juglet was found in this fill. Runs to walls 8063, 8047 and
tower 8022.
As described here includes 9105.
See sections 8South, 9South, 8West, 9East.
I.8.179 7/6/83 EB III
MC 23039 Lithics sample
MC 23040 Bone sample
MC 23041 Shell sample
I.8.180 7/6/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23042 Bone sample
MC 23043 Shell sample
MC 23044 Lithics sample
I.8.181 7/7/83 CHAL, EB II
MC 23045 Bone sample
MC 23046 Lithic sample
MC 23047 Spindle Whorl Obj 949
MC 23048 Bone sample
I.8.182 7/7/83 EB II
MC 23051 Shell sample
I.8.183 7/7/83 EB II
MC 23049 Lithic 23049, 23049A
MC 23050 Bone sample
MC 23052 Lithic sample
I.8.185 7/7/83 EB
MC 23058 Bone sample
MC 23059 Lithic sample
I.8.186 7/8/83 EB II
MC 23060 Lithic sample
MC 23062 Bone sample
I.8.189 7/11/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23064 Bone sample
MC 23065 Lithic 23065, 23065A
MC 23066 Shell sample
I.8.190 7/11/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23067 Bone sample
MC 23068 Lithic sample
I.8.191 7/12/83 EB II
MC 23069 Bone sample
MC 23070 Lithic sample
MC 23071 Chert sample
MC 23072 Part of Flint Blade Obj. 975, Obj. 975A
I.8.193 7/12/83 EB
MC 23075 Lithic sample
I.8.194 7/12/83 EBIII WHOLE JUGLET
MC 23085 Soil-From Juglet
I.8.196 7/12/83 EB II
MC 23077 Bone sample
MC 23079 Lithic sample
MC 23080 Shell sample
MC 23083 Flint Blade Obj. 983, Obj. 983A
MC 23084 Flint Blade sample
I.8 198 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23086 Bone sample
MC 23090 Lithic sample
MC 23091 Flint Blade Obj. 992
MC 23092 Part of Flint Blade Obj. 993, Obj. 993A
I.8.204 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23101 Lithic sample
MC 23103 Bone sample
I.8.206 7/18/83 EB II
MC 23106 Lithic sample
MC 23107 Bone sample
I.8.208 7/18/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23109 Bone sample
MC 23110 Lithic sample
I.8.213 7/19/83 EB II
MC 23116 Bone sample
MC 23117 Lithic sample
I.8.214 7/19/83 EB II
MC 23118 Bone sample
MC 23119 Lithic sample
MC 23120 Part of Flint Blade Obj. 996
I.8.215 7/20/83 EB II
MC 23122 Lithic sample
MC 23123 Bone sample
MC 23124 Part of Blade 23124, 23124A
MC 23125 Jar Cover Obj. 1031
MC 23126 Shell sample
I.8.216 7/20/83 EB II
MC 23127 Mother of Pearl sample Possible Clam
MC 23128 Bone sample
MC 23129 Lithic 23129, 23129A
MC 23130 Shell sample
MC 23139 Flint Blade Obj. 1052, Obj. 1052A
I.8.217 7/21/83 EB II
MC 23131 Bone sample
MC 23132 Lithic sample
I.8.230 7/26/83 EB
MC 23160 Shell sample
I.9.357 7/26/83 EB
MC 18185 Bone sample
MC 18186 Lithic sample
I.9.364 7/28/83 EB II
MC 18199 Bone sample
MC 18249 Lithic 18249, 18249A
MC 18250 Shell sample
I.9.365 7/28/83 EB II
MC 18252 Lithic 18252, 18252A
MC 18253 Bone sample
I.9.368 7/29/83 EB II
MC 18264 Lithic sample
I.9.371 7/29/83 EB II
MC 18265 Bone sample
MC 18266 Lithic sample
8060 Str. Pre XVB
Deep layered fill along the South balk, consisting of alternating layers
of cobbles, ash, cobbles, limestone chips, cobbles on a base of relatively
sterile yellow-brown clay. Located (as excavated in the 1983 season) ca. 75
cm. from the South balk (to wall 8063) and between ca. 3.25 m. and 5.0 m.
from the East balk. At top levels 480.27 m. (E), 479.83 m. (c), 479.80 m.
(W) below fill 8059 to bottom levels 479.07 m. (c), 479.09 m. (W)
above bedrock 8054.
The function and full extent of this layered fill cannot be determined with
certainty without additional excavation. It is clear, however, that this
material was deliberately deposited in discrete layers. This fill was
originally excavated layer by layer, but it is now seen to be part of a
single fill operation. The deposition of this fill was subsequent to the
erection and use of wall 8063 which now functions as a retaining wall for
this fill 8060, the layers of the fill reaching the topmost course of bricks
on wall 8063. Steps 8037/9050 were then constructed on fill 8060; hence the
fill 8060 was a preparatory step for construction of the steps 8037.
Now includes 8062, 8064, 8065, 8067, 8068, 8069, 9100, 9102, 9103, 9104,
9106, 9107, 9108, 9109, which have been canceled.
I.8.184 7/7/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23053 Bone sample
MC 23054 Lithic sample
MC 23055 Soil Sample
MC 23056 Soil Sample
MC 23057 Shell sample
I.8.187 7/8/83 EB
MC 23061 Lithic sample
I.8.188 7/8/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23063 Lithic sample
I.8.192 7/12/83 EB II
MC 23073 Lithic 23073 23073A
MC 23074 Bone sample
I.8.195 7/12/83 EB II
MC 23076 Bone sample
I.8.197 7/13/83 EB II
MC 23078 Lithic sample
MC 23081 Bone sample
MC 23082 Shell sample
I.8.199 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23087 Lithic sample
MC 23088 Bone sample
MC 23089 Shell sample
I.8.200 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23093 Bone sample
MC 23094 Lithic sample
MC 23095 Pounder Discard
MC 23096 Shell sample
MC 23121 Bone sample
I.8.202 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23098 Bone sample
MC 23100 Lithic sample
I.8.203 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23102 Lithic sample
MC 23104 Bone sample
I.8.205 7/18/83 EB II
MC 23105 Lithic sample
I.8.207 7/18/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23108 Lithic sample
I.8.209 7/18/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23111 Lithic sample
I.9.350 7/21/83 EB II, EB III
I.9.351 7/21/83 EB II
I.9.352 7/22/83 EB II, EB III
MC 18174 Lithic sample
MC 18175 Bone sample
I.9.353 7/22/83 EB II, EB III
MC 18176 Bone sample
MC 18177 Lithic sample
MC 18178 Blade Obj. 1053
I.9.354 7/22/83 EB II
MC 18179 Bone sample
MC 18180 Lithic sample
MC 18181 Shell sample
MC 18184 Sherd w/ potter's mark Obj. 1060
I.9.355 7/22/83 EB II
MC 18182 Bone sample
MC 18183 Lithic sample
I.9.356 7/26/83 EB II
MC 18187 Lithic sample
MC 18188 Bone sample
I.9.359 7/26/83 EB
MC 18190 Bone sample
MC 18191 Lithic sample
I.9.360 7/26/83 EB II
I.9.361 7/26/83 EB II
MC 18192 Lithic sample
I.9.362 7/27/83 EB II
MC 18193 Bone sample
MC 18194 Lithic sample
MC 18195 Ostrich Shell sample
I.9.363 7/27/83 EB II
MC 18196 Bone sample
MC 18197 Lithic sample
MC 18198 Shell sample
I.9.366 7/28/83 NO POTTERY
MC 18254 Bone sample
MC 18255 Lithic sample
I.9.370 7/29/83 EB
MC 18262 Bone sample
MC 18263 Lithic sample
8061 Canceled; included with 8059.
8062 Canceled; combined with 8060.
8063 Str. XVC-D
Stone wall with brick superstructure extending from the west face of
tower 8022. Wall 8063/9112 is founded on the bedrock and is carefully
constructed of two rows of cobble-sized stones with a rubble core. The
top row is constructed of flat stones, forming an even surface for the
application of bricks. The wall is two rows wide 60 cm.), 2.75 m. long
(in the digging area) and 6 courses high (1.05 m., with in situ bricks
1.65 m. in height). Located between 3.25 m. and 6.0 m. from the East balk
and between 95 cm. and 1.58 m. from the South balk (at West balk line) at
top levels 479.60 m. (W), 479.46 m. (c), 479.48 m. (E) below debris fill
8059 to foundation level 478.55 m. on bedrock.
Abutts tower 8022; fill 8060 runs to its southern face. Surfaces 8066,
8071 and fill 8059 run to its northern face. Originally served as a wall
of a room next to tower 8022. Later incorporated into the construction
of steps 8037.
See Sections 8West, 9East; Photo 897, 955.
8064 Canceled; combined with 8060.
8065 Canceled; combined with 8060.
8066 Str. XVC
Uneven surface of grey-brown beaten earth with a thin layer of ash
compacted partially into the surface. Located ca. 2.37 m. from the
North balk (at West balk line, to wall 8063) and between 3.30 m. and
6.0 m. from the East balk at top levels 478.98 m. (W), 478.98 m. (E),
479.06 m. (N) below debris fill 8059 and above debris 8066.1.
A large quantity of restoreable pottery was found on this surface,
including one slipped pot with ledge handles. On the central area of
the surface (in the 8/9 balk) was a burned brick, a turtle carapace,
3 chert blades, charred olive pits (sample taken for C14 analysis)
and worked shell, in addition to the pottery. The materials on the
surface suggest a cooking area where the material was trapped in the
new building operation when steps 8037 were created.
Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.
Includes now 9110, which has been canceled.
See Section 9East, 8West, 8North; Photos 902, 941, 960.
8066.P Str. XVC
Pottery and material found on surface 8066. For dimensions, description
and location see 8066 above.
Includes now 9110.P which has been canceled.
I.8.201 7/14/83 EB II
MC 23097 Turtle Shell sample
MC 23099 Bone sample
I.8.211 7/19/83 EB II
I.8.218 7/21/83 EB II, EB III
I.8 231 7/26/83 EB
MC 23161 Shell sample
I.9.367 7/28/83 EB II
I.9.369 7/29/83 EB II
MC 18256 Bone sample
MC 18259 Carbon 14 #1
MC 18260 Carbon 14 Sample Special
MC 18261 Olive pits sample
I.9.372 7/28/83 EB II
8066.1 Str. XVC
Debris of surface 8066, consisting of compacted yellow-brown clay with
inclusions of ash and charcoal. For location and dimensions see surface
8066 above. At top levels 478.98 m. (W), 479.06 m. (N) below surface 8066
to bottom level 478.90 m. above surface 8071.
Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.
See Section 9East, 8West, 8North.
I.8.219 7/21/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23133 Bone sample
MC 23134 Lithic sample
I.8.220 7/21/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23135 Bone sample
MC 23136 Lithic sample
MC 23137 Shell sample
I.8.221 7/21/83 EB II, EB III
I.8.223 7/22/83 EB II, EB III
MC 23150 Lithic sample
MC 23151 Bone sample
I.8.224 7/22/83 EB II
MC 23152 Bone sample
MC 23153 Lithic sample
I.8.225 7/22/83 EB II
MC 23140 Part of Lithic Blade 23140, 23140A
MC 23141 Bone sample
MC 23142 Lithic sample
MC 23143 Shell sample
MC 23144 Ballista Discard
I.8.226 7/22/83 EB II
MC 23145 Lithic sample
I.8.232 7/26/83 CHAL, EB
MC 23164 Bone sample
MC 23165 Lithic sample
I.8.236 7/26/83 EB
MC 23172 Bone sample
MC 23173 Lithic sample
8067 Canceled; combined with 8060.
8068 Canceled; combined with 8060
8069 Canceled; combined with 8060.
8070 Str. Pre XVD
Cobble and clay mortar or plaster fill set into a depression in the
face of the bedrock south of wall 8063. Located 75 cm from the East
balk and 1.05 m. from the South balk at top level 479.14 m. below fill
8060 to bottom level 478.65 m. above bedrock.
This material was put in place prior to construction of Str. XV
architecture.
See Section West.
I.8.210 7/18/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23112 Lithic sample
I.8.212 7/19/83 EB II
MC 23114 Bone sample
MC 23115 Lithic 23115, 23115A
8071 Str. XVD
Uneven surface of compacted clay located 2.37 m. from the North balk
(to wall 8063 at West balk line) and between 3.25 m. and 5.0 m. from
the East balk at top level 478.90 m. below debris 8066.1 and above
debris 8071.1.
Runs to walls 8047, 8063 and tower 8022. A limited amount of pottery and
material on surface 8071.
See Sections 8North, 8West, 9East.
8071.P Str. XVD
Pottery on surface 8071. For location and dimensions see surface 8071 above.
I.8.222 7/21/83 EB II
I.8.234 7/26/83 EB
I.8.252 7/27/83 NO POTTERY
MC 23181 Bone sample
8071.1 Str. XVD
Debris of surface 8071, consisting of compacted clay and cobble-sized
stones. For location and dimensions see surface 8071 above. At top level
478.90 m. below surface 8071 to bottom level 478.75 m. above fill 8072.
Runs to walls 8047, 8063, tower 8022.
See Sections West, North.
I.8.228 7/25/83 EB
MC 23149 Lithic sample
MC 23154 Bone sample
MC 23155 Shell sample
MC 23156 Dibble Weight Obj. 1059
I.8.233 7/26/83 EB
MC 23166 Lithic sample
MC 23169 Bone sample
I.8.235 7/26/83 EB II
MC 23170 Bone sample
MC 23171 Lithic sample
I.8.240 7/27/83 EB II
MC 23177 Lithic sample
I.8.251 7/27/83 EB
MC 23179 Bone sample
MC 23180 Lithic sample
8072 Str. Pre XVD
Clay and cobblestone fill in a depression on the bedrock, north of
wall 8063. Located 2.35 m. from the North balk (at the West balk line)
and between 3.75 m. and 5.0 m. from the East balk at top level
478.75 m. below debris 8071.1 to bottom level 478.50 m. (S), 478.62 m.
(N) on bedrock.
This fill is similar to fills east of wall 8047 and south of wall 8063.
Set in place in preparation for construction of Str. 15.
See Sections 8North, 8West, 9East.
I.8.227 7/25/83 EB
MC 23146 Lithic sample
MC 23147 Shell sample
MC 23148 Bone sample
I.8.229 7/25/83 EB II
MC 23157 Lithic 23157, 23157A
MC 23158 Bone sample
MC 23159 Shell sample
I.8.237 7/26/83 EB
I.8.238 7/26/83 EB II
MC 23174 Lithic sample
MC 23175 Shell sample
I.8.239 7/26/83 EB
MC 23176 Lithic sample
I.8.253 7/27/83 EB II
MC 23184 Bone sample
MC 23185 Lithic sample
MC 23186 Bone sample
I.8.254 7/28/83 EB
MC 23189 Bone sample
MC 23190 Lithic sample
8073 Canceled; included with 8071.
8073.P Canceled; combined with 8071.P
8073.1 Canceled; combined with 8071.1.
8074 Canceled; combined with 8072.
8075 Canceled; combined with 8072.
9100 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9101 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9102 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9103 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9104 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9105 Canceled; combined with 8059.
9106 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9107 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9108 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9109 Canceled; combined with 8060.
9110 Canceled; combined with 8066.
9110.P Canceled; combined with 8066.P
9111 Str. Post XVC
Collapse or fill on north side of wall 8063, consisting of yellow-brown
soil with boulder-sized stones, too large to have been from wall 8063.
The stones were found lying on broken pottery on surface 8066. Located
between 1.20 m. and 1.70 m. from the South balk and between 5.75 m. and
6.0 m. from the East balk of Ara 8 (in Area 9) at top level 479.39 m.
below fill 8059 to bottom level 479.18 m. above surface 8066.
I.9.373 7/29/83 EB II
MC 18267 Bone sample
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