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The 1999 field season of the Lahav Research Project at Tell Halif was
designed to test newly applied digital methods of field recording and
reporting, with the intention of better meeting the needs of middle
eastern archaeology at the end of the 1990s.
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Even a modest field season-such as the shortened four-week schedule of
LRP in 1999, with a relatively small field crew and staff (LRP 1999 numbers
28) can produce large amounts of data with all of the attendant
difficulties of management and recording; furthermore, the quantity
of artifacts recovered even by a small team often overwhelms traditional
means of dissemination and sets a demand for new, efficient ways of
reporting in visual, graphic form.
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These were the questions which faced the LRP at the end of the 1993
season: how can we manage the data more efficiently while in the field,
and how can we disseminate that data quickly and efficiently to others
in the discipline? We believed that similar questions challenged other
excavation teams. It is our hope that the experience of the 1999 field
season at Tell Halif will point the way for future work to be done with
better systems for data management and for dissemination of basic
archaeological information.
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We began the season, accordingly, with several notebook computers in the
field, each linked to a server (also a notebook), a fact which permits
both the control of the input of data and allows any member of the staff
to track progress in laboratory treatment, photography, disposition, etc.
Because the server assigns sequential numbers as requests from the field
are made to register an object find, a material culture sample, or a new
locus, the field and laboratory staff are guaranteed that accidents of
duplicate numberings will not occur. Simultaneously, progress in the
field and in the lab can be tracked from any of the several laptops on
such matters as the drawing or photography of an object, as well as the
formal description assigned by specialists. Every entry becomes part of
the common database immediately and is available by search for a specific
item or by browsing the database entries. Significantly, reports on
aspects of the excavation, recording, or reporting can, therefore, be
generated quickly. And, we believe, the fact that a supervisor in the
field-or an artist in the lab-can simply select descriptive terms from
drop-down windows saves time and brings greater accuracy to the
recording procedures.
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Another important feature of the computerized
database is that it allows the introduction of 3D analysis and simulation
into a dig while it is still in progress. By using the data entered
into the database by field personnel, we are able to construct a computerized
view of the progress and finds in the field. Each area, locus, and
basket is represented as a volumetric area. Each object, when found
in-situ, is also recorded in three-dimensional coordinates and shown
in the 3D browser window. The significant insights rewarded through
use of the 3D display is magnified as the dig season progresses. Early,
there is not enough data to create any kind of visual anomalies, but
we have been using it as a visual error checking device for data entry
and recording errors. Later, as more data is introduced to the system,
visual clues are created by the grouping of objects and architecture.
The 3D browser is still in its infancy and we are currently only tracking
object finds found in-situ although we are planning to add architectural
analysis and reconstruction to the program very soon. We will offer
a complete description of our processes and methods as soon as possible.
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Reporting responsibilities mark the other main
problem this 1999 experimental season addresses.
We have shown in previous work that modern digital communication devices permit
archaeologists to report findings far more completely than ever before;
in fact, in displaying the Persian and Iron Age figurines discovered in
the 1992 and 1993 seasons on the DigMaster website, we made available
to web browsers more than 5,000 color photographs and drawings and 84 QuicktimeVR object movies of
the ceramic and stone figurines, something impossible except through digital
and and electronic media. This DigMaster web publication project, however,
occurred well after the seasons had ended. In the 1999 LRP field season,
the attempt is to prepare basic excavation data and graphic representations
of all artifacts, architecture, and field photographs while yet in the
field, all of which will be made available, as far as possible, on a
daily basis on this web page.
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The benefits of this experiment in dissemination of LRP excavation data
are several. First, if successful, we will have demonstrated the viability
of rapid (nearly immediate) reporting. Colleagues and staff members
not on location will see high resolution images of the excavation as it
progresses and of the artifacts recovered in the excavation; we believe
that the images will be sufficiently detailed to permit close study on
monitor. Second, the numbers of photographs that can be contained and
disseminated in digital format will have demonstrated the viability of
"total publication," something not economically permitted
in traditional publication.
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